against chromium-induced brain damage in

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

a1111111111 high amount of ROS. Meanwhile, alginates are known by their chelating activity and ability
OPEN ACCESS 10 mg/kg b.w. of potassium dichromate orally by gavage and kept without treatment, group
Citation: Saleh EM, Hamdy GM, Hassan RE (2022) III: SA group in which rats were orally exposed to 200 mg/kg b.w. of SA only, and group IV:
Neuroprotective effect of sodium alginate against SA-treated group that received 200 mg/kg b.w. of SA along with Cr for 28 consecutive days.
(8), gastrointestinal disturbances (9), dermatitis, eye problems, or even blindness, heritable
free radical damage. Because the brain uses around 20% of the body’s oxygen, it has a signifi-
alginic acid that is more suitable in biological systems than alginic acid (24). Because SA is
Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), powder (�99.5%) (Cat No. P5271) and SA (Cat No.
relative humidity of 55±5%. The light was set to a light-dark cycle of 12:12-hr. The experimen-
rats received orally 10 mg/kg b.w./day from potassium dichromate dissolved in saline for 4
SA): rats received 200 mg/kg b.w./day of SA (dissolved in saline) orally by gastric gavage for 4
weeks (34). Group IV (SA-treated group; Cr+SA): animals were received orally 200 mg/kg b.
In order to assess the deposition of Cr in brain tissues after oral exposure to 10 mg/kg/day for
min at 70˚C with continuous shaking in a 2% SDS sample buffer. At 4ºC, the resulting mixture
were then separated onto 12% SDS-PAGE, stained with Coomassie blue and destained for
in cold buffer. At 37˚C, 100μL of cell suspension were mixed with 200μL of 2% low melting
0.5% normal melting agarose. To achieve a homogeneous layer, the cell suspension was imme-
10mM Tris, 1% Triton X-100, pH 10) for one hour. The slides were placed in a horizontal gel
test for variations in the means of variables between groups. p�0.05 values were considered as
significant results, meanwhile p�0.01 and p�0.001 were considered as highly significant
reduced (p�0.01) in the brain tissues of Cr + SA-treated rats. Meanwhile, no changes in the Cr
Fig 1. Cr concentration in brain tissues of the studied groups. Data are expressed as mean± SE (n = 10).
reduced (p�0.05) to an acceptable extent upon oral ingestion with SA in the serum of Cr+SA
Data represented in Fig 4A and 4B and Table 1 depict the effect of Cr and SA on the pattern of
are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10). � a p�0.05 compared with control group, �� ap�0.005 compared to control group and �� a p�0.001
mean ± SE (n = 10). �� ap�0.001 compared to standard control group. � bp�0.05 compared with Cr group and �� bp�0.001 compared to Cr
Table 2. Comet assay for assessment of DNA damage in the brain tissues of all experimental groups.
Data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 10).
rats following oral ingestion a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. for 28 consecutive days. Higher Cr resi-
Fig 6. Changes in the level of (A) HSP70, (B) caspase-3 in response to Cr and SA treatments. Results are expressed as mean ± SE
(n = 10). � ap� 0.05 compared to control group and �� ap�0.005 compared to control group. � bp�0.05 compared to Cr group and �� bp�
been postulated that oral exposure to Cr(VI) at a dose over 60 mg/kg significantly inhibited

Methods (brief)

night and sacrificed via sodium pentobarbital inhalation. Blood samples were collected by a
centrifuged for 15 min at 3,000 rpm. For biochemical analysis, the collected sera were kept at
4 consecutive weeks, the levels of Cr were evaluated by atomic absorption according to the pre-
nates by HPLC technique (36). Briefly, tissues were homogenized in 10M ice-cold perchloric
the filtrate was subjected to the HPLC system that included a quaternary gradient delivery
pump model HP1050 (Hewlett Packard), a sample injector model 7125 (Rheodyne-Berkeley),
pared brain samples to the HPLC system in order to assess the cellular damage following Cr-
tissues collected from all study groups. Brain tissues were crushed in the frozen state for 10
min at 70˚C with continuous shaking in a 2% SDS sample buffer. At 4ºC, the resulting mixture
was centrifuged for 15 min at 15,000rpm. To check that all loaded samples had the same pro-
BCA protein colorimetric assay kit (Cat. No. E-BC-K318-M, Elabscience, USA). The samples
Ltd., Japan). The samples were centrifuged for 10min at 4˚C at 15,000 rpm, then re-suspended
Fig 4. Protein pattern in brain tissues of different groups. (A): 12% SDS-PAGE for separation of loaded samples (B):

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

Verification notes

Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised