methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Among marine IAS declared in Europe, around 20–40% are macroalgae (seaweeds) (7),
• lipid extraction. It has shown 80% of the average energy content of petroleum. The lipid
• anti-aging, or anti-cellulite (Table 1). Considering this range of activities, macroalgae
• Table 1. Properties and applications of extracts and compounds isolated from algae in the cosmetic field.
• 5% water:propylene Hydration with the alga extract increased by 14.44% compared
• a suitable alternative to reduce the impact on the environment (45,46). In fact, macroal-
• as the Didymosphenia geminata, also known as rock snot or didymo (Table 2). However,
• Table 2. Invasive algae species in Spain: taxonomy, origin, geographical distribution, and principal uses.
• Table 3. Main compounds and bioactive compounds reported forinvasive macroalgae
• Table 3. Main compounds and bioactive compounds reported for invasive macroalgae in northwest Spain.
• resented 1.13 ± 0.05% of dry weight (106). Different extracts of C. fragile also contain
• cesses in the case of its industrial application (118). Table 4 summarizes some examples of
• continue to be the most used (120). As it can be seen in Table 4, the techniques that have
• Table 4. Extraction techniques for obtaining bioactive compounds from the invasive macroalgae in northwest Spain.
• 80% methanol (×3). keratinocyte HaCaT cells irradiated
• Mac 96%, 12 h, room Antioxidant ion-chelating) and liposome model (105)
• RT, formaldehyde 1% (15 h),
• techniques (119). Table 4 shows some of the examples when these techniques have been
• commercialized product. The inclusion of this invasive alga in 5% doubled the flesh iodine
• study, the inclusion of 5% of this species in the diet of O. mykiss was reported to enhance the
• 5% of alga and fed animals for 12 weeks. In the skin of fish fed with probiotics diet, an
• work, the capacity of G. turuturu was underlined for inhibiting, in a quantity of 16%, the

Methods (brief)

• 10.3390/md19040178 animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications.
• Considering the information collected, obtaining processes of bioactive compounds
• from these invasive species utilizes a wide range of conventional and novel sample prepa-
• resonance, mass spectrometry, vibrational spectrometry, or a combination of several tech-
• production of marine macroalgae: An effective anaerobic digestion of Ulva sp. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2019, 18, 101035.
• 68. Athukorala, Y.; Lee, K.W.; Kim, S.K.; Jeon, Y.J. Anticoagulant activity of marine green and brown algae collected from Jeju Island
• chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum collected on
• 139. Jones, S.W.; Karpol, A.; Friedman, S.; Maru, B.T.; Tracy, B.P. Recent advances in single cell protein use as a feed ingredient in

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Root-Vegetable Purees
• Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
• teething-and-snacks
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Arsenic

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.