and 2019 to evaluate field preparation techniques effect on selected heavy metals concentration and rice

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• The mean annual rainfall and mean monthly temperature have been reported as 1350 mm and 30o C
• difference (F-LSD) and all inference were made at 5 % level of probability according to Obi, (2002).
• Table 1 showed the initial characteristics of the studied soil. It was obtained that the pH and
• the soil were observed to be 0.834 mg/kg and 0.034 mg/kg, respectively. Fytianos et al., (2001)
• Table 1: Initial soil characteristics of the studied soil (0 – 20 cm depth)
• Cadmium (mg/kg) 0.834
• Results on cadmium (Table 2) showed that in the first year of the study, plots with N-H/C/B
• recorded the highest significant (p < 0.05) level (1.939200 mg/kg) of cadmium. This was followed by
• plots with N-H/C/T/ST (1.75 mg/kg) preparation techniques, while N-H/C/T/ST/Hw technique gave
• the least (0.97 mg/kg) significant concentration of cadmium in the studied soil. In the second year of
• the study, N-H/B field preparation technique significantly (p < 0.05) increased higher (2.71463 mg/kg)
• (Table 2) were higher than the average soil Cd concentration (0.82 mg kg-1) according to an
• techniques or practices were lower than the 3.0 mg/kg World Health Organization Maximum
• both the first and the second year of study. Lead (Pb) was significantly increased higher (0.05 mg/kg)
• in N-H/C/T/ST plots than other plots, while N-H/B plot gave the least (0.01 mg/kg) concentration of
• lead in the first year of study. In the second year, the highest level (0.08 mg/kg) of concentration was
• recorded in the N-H/B plots whereas C/T/ST/HW field practice had the least (0.03 mg/kg) accumulation
• Table 2: Effects of rice fields preparation techniques on selected heavy metals concentration
• of rice grain yield. In the second year of study, the results (Table 3) revealed that N-H/C/T/ST/ Hw field
• used. This was followed by C/T/ST/HW fields with a mean value of 7.66 t/ha, while N-H/B field
• method, the difference in yield between year 1 and year 2 of the study was 20.2% yield difference.
• Table 3: Effects of rice field preparation techniques on grain yield of rice (t ha-1)
• Water, and Vegetables of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Chemistry, https://doi.org/10 1155/
• Obi, I.U., 2002. Statistical methods of detecting differences between treatment means and research

Methods (brief)

• At the commencement of the experiment, a composite soil sample from random points was
• collected from the site using a soil auger at 0-20cm depth. Core soil sample collection was also carried
• samples was collected from all the identified sampling points on each of the plots from the top (0-20cm)
• The augured top soil samples were air-dried and sieved through 2mm sieve. Soil fractions less
• than 2mm from individual samples were then analyzed for cadmium and lead using the following
• Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a randomized complete block
• toxic elements in the soils and some vegetables collected from wastewater and river water

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Cadmium
• Lead

Verification notes

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• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

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