Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• were the most prevalent occupational carcinogens. About 60% of cancer in Italy were attributable to
• 0.9% of cancer cases and 1.6% of cancer deaths were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy,
• Malvezzi, M.; Negri, E.; La Vecchia, The most prevalent exposures were UV radiation (5.8%), diesel exhaust (4.3%), wood dust (2.3%) and
• silica dust (2.1%). Mesothelioma had the largest AF to occupational carcinogens (86.6%), followed by
• sinonasal cancer (11.8%) and lung cancer (3.8%). We estimated that 0.9% of cancer cases (N~3500) and
• 1.6% of cancer deaths (N~2800) were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy. Of these, about
• 60% were attributable to asbestos, 17.5% to diesel exhaust, followed by chromium and silica dust (7%
• Received: 9 January 2023 Keywords: cancer; occupation; occupational carcinogens; occupational exposure; attributable
• In Italy, workers represent the 60% of the total population in 2022 (5).
• and mortality in 2017 attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy.
• of prevalence of exposures used in the current study are reported in Table 1. Since data on
• Table 1. Prevalence of exposure of the occupational agent included in the analysis and relative risk
• estimate of the attributable fraction (AF) from the ReNaM (AF = 0.866). † Meta-analysis of studies included in
• or pooled analyses (Table 1). As expected, most of the RR derived from studies conducted
• because as this information was not available in the sources of data used for RR (Table 1).
• As shown in Table 1 (8,9,11–24), the most prevalent occupational carcinogens were
• other agents had a prevalence of exposure <2%. Consistently, AF% for sinonasal (11.8%)
• the second to diesel exhaust and silica dust (Table 2). The highest AF% was observed
• for mesothelioma, i.e., 86.6%, when considering cases probably and possibly exposed to
• to the National Mesothelioma Registry, and 69.2% when only considering cases probably
• Table 2. Attributable fraction (AF), and number of deaths in 2017 and cases in 2020 attributable to
• % of total cancer - 1.6 0.9
• • Notes: according to the alternative estimates for mesothelioma (AF% = 69.2), the number of attributable deaths
• was 1623 and that of attributable cases was 1720.
• Overall, 1.6% cancer deaths and 0.9% cancer cases were attributable to occupational
• tributable deaths (1152 and 1623, respectively) and attributable cases (1390 and 1720, respec-
• Table 3. Number of deaths in 2017 and cases in 2020 attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy
• estimates for mesothelioma (AF% = 69.9), the number of deaths attributable to asbestos was 1416 and that of cases
• attributable to asbestos was 1523.
• Table 4 illustrates the AF calculated by cancer type and occupational carcinogens,
• different occupational agents, with diesel exhaust explaining 1.4% of the burden. We
• bladder cancer; UV radiation was responsible for 1% of melanoma; wood dust, chromium
• and nickel accounted for 4.7%, 18.3% and 1.4% of sinonasal cancer, respectively; 0.6%
• leukemias were referrable to benzene and 0.4% to formaldehyde; 0.1% of laryngeal cancers
• to strong inorganic acid mists and 0.3% to PAH; and 0.3% of nasopharyngeal cancers to
• formaldehyde. Asbestos accounted for the large majority of mesotheliomas, and for 0.5%
• Table 4. Population attributable fractions (AF) by cancer type and occupational carcinogen in Italy.
• Table 5. Attributable fraction of overall, lung and bladder cancers related to occupational carcinogens according to selected literature.
• (28) United Kingdom exposure prevalence mainly from Mortality 2004 6.0% 16.5% 1.3%
• (29) United Kingdom exposure prevalence mainly from Incidence 2015 5.0% 20.5% 7.1%
• Relative risk and exposure prevalence from Incidence, 1.6% in women 10.6% in men,
• large-scale studies Mortality 3.1% in men, 2.1% 7% in women

Methods (brief)

• Lung 1.48 (1.44–1.52) Goodman 1999 (9)
• 9. Goodman, M.; Morgan, R.W.; Ray, R.; Malloy, C.D.; Zhao, K. Cancer in asbestos-exposed occupational cohorts: A meta-analysis.
• 67. Surdu, S.; Fitzgerald, E.F.; Bloom, M.S.; Boscoe, F.P.; Carpenter, D.O.; Haase, R.F.; Gurzau, E.; Rudnai, P.; Koppova, K.;

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Cadmium
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.