Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- TiO2 is structurally extremely stable especially in the anatase, brookite, and rutile crystalline
- range. This finding suggests that TiO2 NPs should be virtually insoluble in sunscreen particularly 1 nanomolar in the pH 4 to
- 10 range. This finding suggests that TiO 2 NPs should be virtually insoluble in sunscreen particularly
- plant following treatment with a mixture of 19% rutile and 81% anatase (7). In the xylem, the % of
- range (58). A 52 kDa TiO2 -binding protein was isolated from the bacteria and identified to be a
- concentration range of 100–200 μM. It is believed to contribute to the solubilization of some of the of some of the metal leached
- median of 3000 tons produced (78). Of this total, 70%–80% of it is used in the cosmetic industries,
- median of 3000 tons produced (78). Of this total, 70%–80% of it is used in the cosmetic industries,
- daily consumption of TiO2 has been estimated in the range of 0.2–2 mg/kg of body weight and per
- the concentration of titanium ranges from 181 to 1233 µg/L in raw sewage obtained from 10 full-scale
- the energy from sunlight. Sunlight’s emission spectrum consists of only 4% UV light, whereas visible
- light constitutes a significantly larger percentage, approximately 40%. As documented in a recent
- removed (<10%) by conventional wastewater treatment plants. Several studies have shown that it can
- and ultraviolet (UV) illumination time (94). The survival of all bacteria was decreased to ~20%–60% in
- TiO2 NPs is toxic to several algae, invertebrate organisms, and fish, a predictable result considering
- found that a short period of exposure to 10 and 100 mg/L concentrations of TiO2 NPs was not lethal,
- increased from 10 to 100 mg/L; conversely, the weight-wise growth of goldfish was decreased at higher
- LC50 was 139 ppb, under 50% natural sunlight, the LC50 was 778 ppb and >500 ppm under 10%
- shrimp (Artemia salina (A. salina)), by determining 24 h LC50 , which was 1693.43 mg/L. Jovanovic
- coral (Montastraea faveolata (M. faveolata)) for 17 days in 0.1 mg/L and 10 mg/L TiO2 NP suspensions.
- 36 g, from which 25% of the total applied could wash off from the skin in the water during beach
- the Ti content in the swimming pools was dominated (98.7%–99.8%) by dissolved Ti species (120).
- (F. spiralis) (308 ppm) (128) and the ascidian Eudistoma ritteri (E. ritteri) (1512 ppm) (129) that can
- to S. aureus bacteria for 90 min. Arrows point towards bacteria. * Means p < 0.05. This figure was
- to S. aureus bacteria for 90 min. Arrows point towards bacteria. * Means p < 0.05. This figure was
-
- Tanvir, S.; Pulvin, S.; Anderson, W. Toxicity associated with the photo catalytic and photo stable forms of
- Accumulation of Element Ti in Macrophage-like RAW264 Cells Cultured in Medium with 1 ppm Ti and
Methods (brief)
- used single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure Ti-containing particles
- filtered out in the sample preparation process and smaller-sized particles are undetectable by the
- (c) * diffraction peak from sample support; ** scatter peak of the incoming beam. (e) Ti K-edge displayed in (c) *
- diffraction peak from sample support; ** scatter peak of the incoming beam. (e) Ti
-
- Lakshmi, K.D.; Rao, T.S.; Padmaja, J.S.; Raju, I.M.; Kumar, M.R. Structure, photocatalytic and antibacterial
- Detection and Sizing of Ti-Containing Particles in Recreational Waters Using Single Particle ICP-MS.
- tandem mass spectrometry. J. Proteom. 2016, 130, 85–93. (CrossRef)
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
- Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Cadmium
- Nickel
- Chromium
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.