Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; Analysis of original sunscreen products (n=5) from a licensed pharmacy and counterfeit sunscreen
- products (n=5) from local markets in Jordan was performed using GC–MS. pH stability of the
- eight mice. We had 160 mice treated either with counterfeit significant, and they were expressed as mean ± SD.
- was gradually increased, starting with 10 minutes and end range of human skin is 4.5–6, which is slightly acidic.29,30
- up with 2 hours. Exposure period was between 11:00 am Products tested in this study had a pH range from 5.4 to 8.01
- ended, mice were returned back to their room and sunscreen pH range of skin. OP1 is the only product that has a pH value
- was removed off with a wet piece of cotton. Without remov- within the normal pH range of skin, while CP2 has the highest
- through the entire experiment. storage temperature at different measurement times (Table 1).
- Table 1 P-values of the pH measurements of sunscreen products Table 2 P-values of the pH measurements of sunscreen products
- time or at different times of measurement. Between samples, metic Database (Table S6). The hazard score key was ranged
- identified by a number (Figures 2 and 3 and Table S5). Some in ALT level in OP3, OP4, and OP5 and AST level in OP5. In
- in a large size as what seen in peak number 15 and the other (Table 3). Treated mice that kept in shade for 90 days have
- Sunscreens’ ingredients list are provided in Table S1 accord- OP5, and CP2. Moreover, mice treated with OP1 showed a
- used in these products listed separately in Table S2 based increased in mice treated with OP4, CP1, and CP5, while the
- of the GC–MS analyzed ingredients and their distribution (Table 4). Liver-to-body weight ratio was also calculated after
- between sunscreen products are shown in Table S3. Profiled euthanasia and showed no significant changes in all groups
- of each product are listed in Table S4. Profiling was done
- weight, synonymous, and chemical structure in Table S5. to sun radiation, such as erythema, pigmentation, skin
- Notes: (A) Original product 1. (B) Original product 2. (C) Original product 3. (D) Original product 4. (E) Original product 5. Peaks’ number was identified in Table S3.
- This study shows that pH was not stable when measurements defense are largely influenced by skin pH.33 Increased skin
- Notes: (A) Copied product 1. (B) Copied product 2. (C) Copied product 3. (D) Copied product 4. (E) Copied product 5. Peaks’ number was identified in Table S3.
- Table 3 Serum biochemical analysis for control, original, and copied sunscreen-treated groups under sun radiation
- Notes: Values are presented as mean ± SD. *Statistically significant at P<0.05.
- Table 4 Serum biochemical analysis for original and copied sunscreen-treated groups under shade
- Notes: Values are presented as mean ± SD. *Statistically significant at P<0.05.
- concentration exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and rats with five dosages of OMC was conducted to quantify its
- 0.01% in rinse-off products.38 In vitro study on the oestrogenic estrogenic properties. As a result, OMC considered as endo-
- 2% (w/w) of diethyl phthalate (DEP), DBP and butyl paraben performed. Increased level of ALT and AST enzymes is usu-
- carriers compatible with a wide range of different ingredients. as topical penetration enhancers for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-
- in human volunteers indicated that 0.05% of applied D5 was 4. Boyd AS, Naylor M, Cameron GS, Pearse AD, Gaskell SA, Neldner
- Consistent with this result, around 90% of D5 were volatilized 5. Green A, Williams G, Neale R, et al. Daily sunscreen application and
- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R1223. 56. Reddy MB, Looney RJ, Utell MJ, Plotzke KP, Andersen ME. Modeling
Methods (brief)
- Sciences, Jordan University of Science determination of sunscreen ingredients by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
- of Science and Technology, Irbid sunscreen samples were also monitored under different storage temperatures. Topical application of
- skin causing allergy.15 Physical filters, such as TiO2 and ZnO, Sunscreen samples
- stimulate oxidative damage in vitro and in cultured human Ten samples of sunscreen products were used in this study.
- tumor formation in hairless mice, and TiO2 that produced GC–MS sample preparation
- ROS and free radicals.17–19 Toxic effects of sunscreen products For GC–MS analysis, samples first must be extracted in order
- or years later. They may occur at different levels within the samples were centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 15 minutes. A
- type of biochemicals.21 This varies depending mainly on the was made in splitless mode with 1 µL of samples injected
- dermal, and parenteral. In terms of dermal exposure, toxicity Sunscreen samples were stored at different temperature
- or cosmetics.21 1 g of each sample was homogenized in 10 mL of distilled
- Two hundred bulb/C mice of both sexes were used in this After euthanasia, blood samples were collected in plain tubes
- Notes: Within samples, each product in the same storage temperature at different Notes: Between samples, in different storage temperatures at a single or different
- time or at different times of measurement. Between samples, metic Database (Table S6). The hazard score key was ranged
- The original and counterfeit sunscreen samples were prepared all serum samples drawn from mice treated with original and
- Abbreviation: GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
- Abbreviation: GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
- Chemicals’ profile obtained by GC–MS was compared with total of 0.2 mL of each sample was applied to epidermis tis-
- Of the 18 tested samples, penetration of benzyl alcohol into rodents reported the estrogenic activity of UV filters espe-
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Aluminum
Verification notes
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Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.