Overview
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Key numbers
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- association used was the Prevalence Ratio (PR), with a 95% CI.
- MO, et al. Munduruku Indigenous 13.9% had anemia. Their weight and height/length averages were (Z-scores) -0.86 and -1.59,
- area with high mercury exposure. respectively. 45.1% of children had Hg-levels ≥ 6.0 µg/g. The prevalence of mercury contamination
- Rev. Saude Publica. 2025;59:e19. in children in SA was almost four times greater (PR:3.66; 95%CI 2.17-6.18) than that in children
- in SM, and girls were almost twice as likely (PR:1.67; 95%CI 1.07-2.62) to have mercury
- representing a growth of 1,271%. This activity is heavily concentrated, with 95.0% of the
- variables that presented a 5% significance level (p < 0.05) remained in the final model. The
- 95% confidence intervals were obtained using the delta method and cluster bootstrap.
- For all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was considered.
- In total, 83 out of 85 (97.6%) children under 12 years old were included and evaluated,
- 43 (51.8%) greater than or equal to 5 years old. The health booklets of 81 children were
- (18.5%), conjugated Pneumococcal 10-valent vaccine (16.1%), and conjugate Menigococcal
- C vaccine (22.2%) were the most absent immunizations. The lowest vaccination coverage
- was found in the Sawré Aboy village, where only 4 of 14 children (28.6%) had a complete
- Nine (16.0%) of the 56 children under 6 years of age eligible for the Denver II test presented
- had problems related to neurodevelopment (Table 1). In total, six of the children assessed
- Eleven children (13.9%) in all villages had anemia according to their age. Only five children
- (6.0%) presented a normal level of mercury in their hair according to the WHO criteria
- Table 1. Demographical and clinical characteristics, according to the villages of residence, Munduruku
- Mercury level (n = 82)
- Thirty-seven children (45.1%) presented with mercury levels equal to or above 6.0 µg/g.
- The average level of mercury in children was 6.9 (± 4.8) μg/g, the median was 5.5 μg/g, and
- the values ranged between 1.4 and 22.1 μg/g. Girls were more affected than boys (59.0% x
- 41.0%) and contamination was more evident in those older than 5 years (59.5%) (Table 2).
- in children in Sawré Aboy were almost four times greater (PR: 3.66; CI95% 2.17–6.18)
- CI95% 1.07–2.62) to have mercury levels ≥ 6.0 µg/g, when compared with boys in the study
- Table 2. Demographical and clinical characteristics, according to the mercury levels of contamination,
- < 6.0 µg/g ≥ 6.0 µg/g Total (n = 82;
- Table 3. Logistic regression model to elucidate associated factors with mercury levels of contamination
- Among children under 6 years who underwent the Denver II test, almost a fifth (16.0%)
Methods (brief)
- Martagão Gesteira Poxo Muybu (PM), and Sawré Aboy (SA) villages. We collected data between October 29th and
- samples. The history of immunization and other health issues were collected from the Brazilian
- Data were collected through home visits and interviews with participating families, clinical
- and laboratory evaluation, collection of hair samples (used as Hg exposure biomarker), and
- Collection of Human Samples (Hair)
- Samples of hair from the occipital region were collected from all participants and removed
- close to the scalp with the aid of stainless steel dissection scissors. The samples were
- Institute (IEC). We considered the level of ≥ 6.0 µg/g of mercury in hair samples as a health
- region3,20. A detailed description of the determination of the mercury levels in the samples
- All children investigated had some level of mercury in the hair samples analyzed. The
- villages, the sample may not represent the entire population of the Munduruku children.
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