Overview
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Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- increased odds by 8% (95% CI = 0–16%), 7% (95% CI = 0–14%) and 9% (95% CI = 2–17%),
- sures to methylmercury and the major POPs, PCB and DDE kit (Langdorp, Belgium) (21). The limit of detection (LOD)
- decades, the serum-concentrations of environmental median LOD for p,p’-DDE and PCB congeners CB-138, CB-
- foods (19). Thus, due to differences in dietary habits cohorts, values below the LOD were replaced with LOD/2.
- was formed between 1997 and 2000 (21–23) and the most CB-180, account for approximately 50% of the total PCB
- 34 and 36 of pregnancy, while, for Cohort 5, hair and atomic absorption techniques (16,25,30). The LOD was
- the influence of outlying values. All regression analyses are shown in Table 1. Among the women included in
- combined and stratified by cohort. When all cohorts compared to Cohorts 1 and 5 (Table 1). However, mater-
- Since the Cohort 1 exposure measures were only sum- LOD in 107 samples, but only in five samples were all
- marily adjusted for lipids, we also performed sensitivity compounds below the LOD. In Cohorts 3 and 5, only
- All analyses were performed using Stata version 14.2 PCB compounds below the LOD and none had all com-
- Cohort 5 and 25 mothers were included once in both associated with a 9% increase, a doubling in p,p’-DDE with
- Cohort 3 and Cohort 5. Furthermore, 18 girls from a 8% increase and a doubling in methylmercury with a 10%
- Cohort 1 later became mothers to children in Cohort 5 increase of the sex ratio for the combined cohorts (Table 2).
- Continuous variables N Median (25th; 75th percentile) N Median (25th; 75th percentile) N Median (25th; 75th percentile)
- Table 2. Odds ratio for having a boy with each doubling of prenatal exposures to ΣPCB, p,p’-DDE and mercury.
- significance; a doubling in ΣPCB was associated with an 8% not show any statistically significant associations, thus
- increase of the sex ratio, while it was 7% for a doubling of p, indicating that log-linearity is a reasonable assumption.
- p’-DDE and 9% for a doubling of the methylmercury con-
- centration (Table 2). When stratifying the analyses by
- clear associations were seen in Cohort 5 (Table 2). For
- Mexican women in 1998 (38). The median PCB concentra- may counteract (3). Thus, obtaining information about
- whereas, in Cohort 5, the median PCB concentration was exposure and secondary sex ratio is in contrast to a
- Slovakian areas (39,40). The median hair mercury concen- methylmercury was associated with a decreased second-
- (41) and the median hair mercury concentrations in Cohorts and, thus, the findings could be affected by measure-
- For these samples, we used a value of LOD/2, which is a No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
- usually low and fairly stable (15). The imprecision is, industrialized countries. Environ Health Perspect.
- Health Perspect. 2010;118: 1429–1433. Epub 2010/ 06/ ence ranges for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) based
Methods (brief)
- sures to methylmercury and the major POPs, PCB and DDE kit (Langdorp, Belgium) (21). The limit of detection (LOD)
- decades, the serum-concentrations of environmental median LOD for p,p’-DDE and PCB congeners CB-138, CB-
- haps, in part, due to public advisories about high-risk mately 0.016 μg/g lipid (15). In samples from all three
- foods (19). Thus, due to differences in dietary habits cohorts, values below the LOD were replaced with LOD/2.
- formed as part of the Children’s Health and Environment in Medicine. Use of quality control samples verified that the
- In Cohort 1, a blood sample for PCB and p,p’-DDE CB-138, CB-153 and CB-180, multiplied by 2.
- analyses was obtained from the umbilical cord, while a For the mercury analysis, maternal hair samples of at
- maternal hair sample for mercury analysis was obtained least 100 mg were cut close to the root on the occipital
- samples were taken from the mother between weeks bags (29). All samples were analysed by standard
- 34 and 36 of pregnancy, while, for Cohort 5, hair and atomic absorption techniques (16,25,30). The LOD was
- blood samples were taken from the mother 2 weeks 5 ng/g. In this population, the total mercury in hair is
- interaction term between cohort and the exposure samples (36) and the lower concentrations in Cohort 1
- Since the Cohort 1 exposure measures were only sum- LOD in 107 samples, but only in five samples were all
- marily adjusted for lipids, we also performed sensitivity compounds below the LOD. In Cohorts 3 and 5, only
- analyses adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. four samples were found with p,p’-DDE or one of three
- All analyses were performed using Stata version 14.2 PCB compounds below the LOD and none had all com-
- (StataCorp, College Station, TX). pounds below LOD. None of the methylmercury concen-
- In the present study, 11% of the samples in Cohort 1
Implications
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Update history
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