Groth Consulting Services, 455 Beacon Street, Apt. 6, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• prenatal nervous system development (Hibbeln et al., 2007). But seafood intake among women of childbearing age remained stable,
• E-mail address: nedgroth@cs.com comes (Mahaffey et al., 2011). As Table 1 illustrates, popular fish
• Table 1 Ideally, epidemiological evidence and benefit-risk modeling
• Source of data, US FDA (2014a, Table V-8). mental effects of prenatal MeHg exposure can outweigh beneficial
• The objective of this review is not to explore evidence in detail Table 3 summarizes data on the neurodevelopmental benefits
• Cohen et al., 2005a); see results in Table 2. Cohen et al. (2005b)
• available, so Cohen et al. used data from clinical trials in which of fish might adversely affect cognitive development. Table 4
• 2007, Davidson et al., 2008; Strain et al., 2008); thus, both meta- in Table 4. The RfD is described and explained in Sidebar A.
• analyses probably significantly underestimated the size of MeHg’s Studies summarized in Table 4 come from many countries and
• Axelrad et al. (2007) not included in analysis  0.18 IQ point per 1 mg/g Hg in maternal hair (Range:  0.009 to  0.378)
• Authors/Date Country N¼ Ages Exposure Index, % w/ Outcome Measure (s) Raw Scores Slope or β Coeffi- Odds Ratio (95% CI) p value Adjust for
• Break Point (s) intake cient (95% CI) Hg?
• Daniels et al. UK 7,421 15 & 18 fish meals/wk 1. MacArthur Communicative Fish/ MCDI/ DDST Top 15% vs. bottom 15%
• Oken et al. US 135 6 mo fish meals/wk Visual Recognition Memory mean 59.8, range 10.9–92.5 þ4.0 VRM pts per yes
• mean 1.2 low Hg, low fish, 60 (1.3, 6.7)
• (Oken et al., US 341 3 yr fish meals/wk 1. Peabody Picture Mean scores (7 SD): β,42 vs. r 2 meals/
• r 2/wk, n ¼ 201 74 2. Wide Range Assessment WRAVMA Pegboard, 6.4 (2.0, 10.8) yes
• Oken et al. Denmark 25,446 6 mo fish, g/wk 19 Developmental Milestones Range of scores at 18 mo, 5– Change in OR for OR for high develop-
• Table 3 (continued ) 390
• Authors/Date Country N¼ Ages Exposure Index, % w/ Outcome Measure (s) Raw Scores Slope or β Coeffi- Odds Ratio (95% CI) p value Adjust for
• Break Point (s) intake cient (95% CI) Hg?
• mean, 357 Assessment Scale: Correlation
• median, 2.3 Inattentive component & Connors Rating Scale
• Authors/date Country N ¼ Ages Exposure index, % w/exp Outcome Measures Raw Scores Slope or β Coefficient (95% Relative Risk/OR p value Adjust for
• Oken et al. (2005) US 135 6 mo Maternal hair Hg Visual Recognition mean 59.8, range  7.5 (  13.7,  1.2) per mg/g yes
• mean 0.55 mg/g low Hg, low fish, VRM
• Jedrychowski et al. Poland 233 1 yr Maternal blood Hg Bayley Scales of Infant 15% scored “Delayed” on RR for “delayed” score
• S. D. 7 0.06 mg/L Two sub-indices: PDI, 83.0 7 9.4 vs. Hg 4 median,
• median 0.50 mg/L Mental Development Hg, normal, 0.52 (0.46, 2.82 (1.17, 6.79) for 0.0101 no
• Index (MDI) 0.58) mg/L maternal
• min 0.10 mg/L Psychomotor Devel. In- Hg, delayed, 0.75 (0.59, blood Hg 4 median,
• GM 5.58 mg/L Assessments (NBNA) 94% of subjects scored score if cord Hg o 0.001 no
• mean 3.8 ng/g 2. Wide Range Top decile Hg vs. lower  0.06 WRAVMA pts per ng/ yes
• Assessment 90%: g Hg
• Lederman et al. US 280 12, 24, Cord blood Hg 1. Bayley Scales of Infant Mean ( 7S. D.) outcome β, Ln Cord Hg vs. outcome:
• Table 4 (continued ) 392
• Authors/date Country N ¼ Ages Exposure index, % w/exp Outcome Measures Raw Scores Slope or β Coefficient (95% Relative Risk/OR p value Adjust for
• max 63 mg/L Scale of Intelligence at Verbal IQ, 48 mo,  2.92 0.023
• GM 4.44 mg/L Total IQ, 48 mo,  3.76 0.002
• mean 2.22 mg/g Scale, 28 behavioral correlation coefficient, hair
• range 0.03  5.14 Based on computer lab Impuls/Hyperact 1.6 yes
• Lam et al. (2013) Hong Kong, 608 8 yr Cord blood Hg 1. Hong Kong Version of 1. Picture arrangement,

Methods (brief)

• limited by small sample sizes for some species, and FDA’s crease linearly with dose until benefits are cancelled out and net

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Canned seafood (with tin flag)
• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Lead

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.