Overview
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Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- mercury means range from 1.1 to 34.2 μg/g. Most studies did not show any significant difference in
- as cardiovascular deleterious effects (5,34-37). It was not and the absence of a measure of central tendency (mean,
- intake lower than 1.5 μg/kg of body weight (41). The Envi- We presented the results from all the selected articles in
- Dose (RfD) at 0.1 μg/kg/day, expecting no more than 11 cury levels and fish consumption measures when availa-
- μg/g of mercury in maternal hair (42). Most researchers ble. The tables were organized by regions and using the
- μg/g of hair mercury (36,43). from Andean Amazonian countries (Table 1) and French
- late eighties, showing quite complete information about or group (Tables 6, 7, 8, 9). Finally, the studies from the
- Table 1: Hair mercury levels in Andean Amazonian Countries
- Studied population Study N Hg mean μg/g Range > 10 μg/ga Fish
- Barbieri et al. 2009 Cachuela Esperanza 150 3.76 (3.01) (2.52) 0.42-15.65 3% 10.5 meals/week
- Monrroy et al. 2008 Upper Beni River 556 5.3 (4.0) (4.3) 0.08-34. ≈ 14.0%
- Counter et al. 2005 Nambija gold-mining 80 2.8b (2.0) (17.5) 1.0-135.0 <10%
- aPercentage of the population with hair mercury levels higher than 10 μg/g. bGeometric mean.
- and latitude data in geographic databases and using and the remaining 20% of these Brazilian studies are from
- tation of the hair mercury levels found in this population selected randomly from the general population (Tables 1,
- illustrating the studies that assessed health outcomes in Table 10), the study by Bastos et al. (2006) covered from
- Table 2: Hair mercury levels in French Guyana
- Studied River Location N Hg mean μg/g Range μg/g > 10 μg/ga Fish
- BASAG Maroni Sinnamary 285 1.8 5%
- Oyapok Lower Maroni River 740 1.7-3.6 2.4%
- Fréry Maroni Cayodé, Twenké, 235 11.4 (4.2) 1.9-27.2 57.4% 20-317 g/day
- Children 156 10.2b 79% 2 meals/day
- aPercentage of the population with hair mercury levels higher than 10 μg/g. bGeometric mean.
- covering almost the totality of the Maroni and Oyapok In Brazilian Amazonia (Figures 1, 3, 4; Tables 3, 4, 5) hair
- In the Andean Amazonian regions (Figure 1; Table 1), Negro River basin (61,62) and at the lakes from the
- mercury levels were found below 10 μg/g in Ecuador Amapá State (Figure 1; Tables 3, 4, 5) (63), with means
- In French Guiana (Figure 2; Table 2), most study sites and Tocantins Rivers, both from Amerindian reservations
- Table 3: Hair mercury levels in Brazilian River Basins, General Population
- Study Location N Hg mean μg/g Range μ > 10 μg/ga Fish
- Leino & Lodenius 1995 Tucuruí area 125 35.0 (29.0) 0.9-240.0 11 meals/week
- The Tapajós and Madeira Rivers basins are not displayed in this table (see Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). aPercentage of the population with hair mercury
- In the Tapajós River basin (Figure 3; Tables 6, 7, 8, 9) there urban or suburban areas (Santarém and Santana do Itu-
- Table 4: Mercury levels in Brazilian River Basins, Target Groups
- Studied population Location N Hg mean μg/g Range > 10 μg/ga Fish
- Tavares Barão de Melgaço 114 2.1 (1.8) (1.4) 0.4-7.6 0% 4.6 meals/week
- The Tapajós and Madeira Rivers basins are not displayed in this table (see Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). aPercentage of the population with hair mercury
- lished in 1995 (77,80) showed much higher levels (means ally small and traditional riverside villages, some of them
- lowing decade (mean = 8.6 μg/g and median = 8.0 μg/g) necting them to larger villages and cities. It is possible to
- In the Madeira River basin (Figure 4; Table 10) most study because they are also farmers or hunters, even if fish
- of them show these results (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Juruti. The low hair mercury levels cannot be explained by
- Table 5: Hair mercury levels in Brazilian River Basins, Occupational Groups
- Study Location N Hg mean μg/g Range > 10 μg/ Fish
Methods (brief)
- included studies with a direct measure of hair mercury concentrations in a sample size larger than
- and citotoxic damages have been shown (30-33), as well Exclusion criteria were sample sizes less than 10 people,
- ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated the Reference tables, showing author, study sites, sample sizes, hair mer-
- named each study site on the map displaying a represen- studies. Several studies have used a large sample size,
- represents a hair mercury measure and the target group the same basin. Some of them used smaller sample sizes,
- the populations had sample sizes of less than 10 people,
- River basins, with large sample sizes from the general pop- mercury levels are very variable between basins and study
- Leino & Lodenius 1995 Tucuruí area 125 35.0 (29.0) 0.9-240.0 11 meals/week
- (33,81). The sample sizes and study designs were very dif- hypothesize that this situation makes those populations
- that year took samples of 10 and 48 people. In 2002, the In spite of those considerations, some populations with
- and the studies published in 2002 and 2004 took samples 10 μg/g, even if there was a significant relation with fish
- sume is collected from local lakes and minor rivers, and sue, finding positive relations between fish mercury con-
- population were lower than those found in most central and human samples (13,52,58,63,96). In those studies,
-
- Leino T, Lodenius M: Human hair mercury levels in Tucurui 83. Barbosa AC, Silva SR, Dorea JG: Concentration of mercury in
- mination of mercury and selenium in hair samples of Brazil- 88. Dolbec J, Mergler D, Larribe F, Roulet M, Lebel J, Lucotte M:
- nium concentrations in hair samples of women in fertile age
- samples from a gold mining area in the Amazon region of
- cury in fish and hair samples from the Balbina Reservoir,
Implications
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Update history
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