weathers naturally, human exposure to ACQ might occur through dermal contact or incidental

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• (MCI)). Assuming use of an approximately 1% ACQ treating solution to achieve a
• summarized in Table 2 and demonstrate that this formulation has low systemic toxicity following
• oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure. However, at 100% concentration, the neat solution of ACQ
• pigs following initial exposure to a 25% solution. As discussed later in this review, it is likely
• (ATSDR) 2004). In the United States, the total daily intake of copper ranges between 0.9 and 2.2
• occasionally exceed 5 mg/day (IPCS 1998). In Table 3 are summarized the established dietary
• approximately 7.8 mg/L for more than 1 year (Spitalny et al. 1984).
• a small study in seven adults receiving capsules containing 0.14 mg/kg/day of copper gluconate,
• This value of 0.14 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 10 mg/day for a 70-kg adult) was selected by the
• age at study initiation) exposed to copper sulfate in drinking water at 0.315 mg/kg/day for 9
• 13 (1.1%) cross- reacted to 2% copper sulfate in petrolatum (Karlberg et al. 1983).
• In the rat, the acute oral LD^sub 50^^sup 1^ of copper oxide is 470 mg/kg. Somewhat lower
• Oral exposure of rats via gavage to very large doses (e.g., 100 mg/kg/day as CuSO^sub 4^) in a
• changes indicative of microcytic anemia. The NOAEL was 17 mg/kg/day in rats, and 44 and 126
• mg/kg/day in male and female mice, respectively (Hebert et al. 1993).
• This assessment used the same NOAEL (0.14 mg/kg/day) that was used by the IOM in setting
• weight for adults of 70 kg (USEPA 1989), this NOAEL is equivalent to 0.14 mg/kg/day (i.e., 10
• mg/day / 70 kg = 0.14 mg/kg/day). No uncertainty factor was applied to the toxicity benchmarks.
• gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as demonstrated by the appearance of 89%-99% of radioactivity in the
• feces, with <2.5% in the urine. In a study of the dermal and GI absorption of (3H)- labeled
• (50%) DDAC at 0.1% (w/v) caused erythema and edema locally, and in skin around the abraded
• application of technical-grade DDAC at a concentration of 0.01% (i.e., 0.005% DDAC) (Weeks
• mg/kg)^sup 3^ the NOAEL was 600 ppm (107-134 mg/kg/ day) (Henderson 1992). Effects
• 300, 600, 1,000, and 3,000 ppm), decreased serum glucose, protein, albumin, and globulin, and
• mg/kg/day for male and female rats, respectively (Henderson 1992). DDAC was tested for
• exposure at O, 300, 750, and 1,500 ppm for 104 weeks (equivalent to 13, 32, and 64 mg/kg/day
• for males and 16, 41, and 83 mg/kg/day for females). Other than body-weight effects, there were
• the basis for the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.32 mg/kg/day derived by the British
• was administered in the feed at doses of 0, 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm (equivalent to approximately
• 15, 76, and 155 mg/kg/day in males, and 19, 93, and 193 mg/kg/day for females) for 78 weeks.
• NOAELs were 76 and 93 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively (Henderson 1992).
• 2006a). The dermal LOAEL was 6 mg/ kg/day, and the NOAEL was 2 mg/kg/day. In a 21-day
• rat dermal toxicity study 100% pure DDAC was applied directly to the skin of CD rats at doses
• mg/kg/day; the systemic NOAEL in this study was 1000 mg/kg/day (USEPA 2006a).
• 2^ of skin basis, rather than mg/kg/ day. This approach provides data for direct comparison to
• doses of O, 3, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day. Other than significantly decreased cholesterol levels in
• females at 20 mg/kg/day, there were no other treatmentrelated effects; the NOAEL for both
• males and females was 10 mg/kg/day (NYSDEC 2003; USEPA 2006a). Using the NOAEL of 10
• dose (RfD) of 0.1 mg/kg/day (USEPA 2000, 2006b), although this RfD has not yet been
• administered by gavage at doses of 0,1,3, and 10 mg/kg/day on gestational days (GDs) 6-18.
• maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity were 1 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day, respectively
• DDAC was administered by gavage on GDs 6-15 at doses of 0,1,10, or 20 mg/kg/ day. Maternal

Methods (brief)

• ATSDR 2004; ICPS 1998).
• dislodgeable residue data for DDA Carbonate from treated wood. Rats were dermally dosed with
• dislodgeable wood residues dirough incidental ingestion or dermal contact (Figure 1). Exposures
• ingestion could occur if a child’s hand is “loaded” with chemicals from dislodgeable residues on
• To determine the amounts of chemicals that might be present in dislodgeable residues, wipe
• samples were collected from the surface of ACQ-treated wood in two separate studies. In the
• first study, the wood samples were provided by Georgia-Pacific (GP), and came directly from a
• retention of 0.25 lb/ ft3. No sealants were applied, and wipe samples were taken 12 days after the
• Results are presented in Table 6. Two boards were each sampled in four locations (top-right,
• samples were taken from a board that had not been treated with any preservative. The amounts of
• chemical present on the surface of the wood samples (expressed as micrograms ((mu)g) of
• A second study was designed to determine how dislodgeable residues of DDA Carbonate would
• 14,21,28, and 35). Results show that DDA Carbonate dislodgeable residue concentrations
• developed by the CPSC. In the first study, wood samples provided by GP were sampled 12 days
• of MI and MCI in the residues collected from the surface of treated wood. The authors thank

Implications

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Wiki pages this source may touch

• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Baby Wipes
• Arsenic

Verification notes

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Update history

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