OPEN Acute toxicity of mercury in

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

Barbonymus gonionotus (average weight: 9.64 ± 0.76 g) to determine the median lethal concentration
diet containing 30% protein. Feeding was ceased within 24 h before the start of the acute test experiment. Water
guidelines outlined in APHA35. A range-finding test was initially conducted using mercuric chloride (HgCl2)
in duplicate. Subsequently, a range-finding test was performed, focusing on concentrations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and
0.8 mg L−1. The effective range for the range-finding test was determined to be between 0.30 and 0.7 mg L−1.
significantly (a–d). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 3)
and its quality was assessed using a 2% agarose gel. For cDNA synthesis, the cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad,
using a housekeeping gene (β-actin) and the results were confirmed using a 1.5% agarose gel.
They were stained with hematoxylin for 12 min, rinsed in tap water, dipped in 1% acid alcohol, and washed again
in tap water. The sections were then dehydrated through 50%, 70%, and 90% alcohol for 2 min each, stained with
The results of the acute toxicity assessment of mercury for Barbonymus gonionotus are summarised in Table 1,
which includes the median lethal concentration (LC50) and cumulative mortality at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h for
Barbonymus gonionotus, are presented in Table 1. The LC50 values for mercury in B. gonionotus were determined
Table 1. Median lethal concentration (LC50) and cumulative mortality of Barbonymus gonionotus exposed
varying concentrations of mercury during the acute toxicity test, as shown in Tables 2 and 3. The activities of
Table 2. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Barbonymus gonionotus exposed to
differ significantly (p < 0.01). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6). Catalase, SOD: Super oxide dismutase:
Table 3. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in Barbonymus
with different superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.01). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6). GST, GPx: Units/
superscripts differ significantly (a–d). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6).
presented in Table 4. ALT and AST activities in the liver, muscle, and kidney were notably higher (p < 0.01) in
Table 4. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity in Barbonymus
with different superscript differ significantly (p < 0.01). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6). ALT: nmole of
Table 5. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity in Barbonymus gonionotus
superscript differ significantly (p < 0.01). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6). LDH and MDH: units/min/mg
of B. gonionotus exposed to mercury during an acute toxicity test are presented in Table 5. LDH activities in the
(a–e). Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 6).
presented in Table 6. The highest concentration of mercury in the water was observed in the 0.7 mg L−1 exposure
group. The mercury concentrations in water were as follows: 590.83 µg L−1 for 0.7 mg L−1 exposure, 500.16 µg/L
across exposure levels of 0.3–0.7 mg L−1. The ranges were 0.004–0.21 mg L−1 in muscle, 0.011–0.26 mg L−1 in the
Table 6. Mercury concentration in different fish tissues and experimental water during acute test. Mercury
(Hg) in fish tissues (mg kg−1)/ and water (µg L−1), Data expressed as Mean ± SE (n = 5).
1. Johansson, K., Bergback, B. & Tyler, G. Impact of atmospheric long-range transport of lead, mercury and cadmium on the Swedish

Methods (brief)

Barbonymus gonionotusfish, with an average weight of 9.64 ± 0.76 gram and a length of 6.87 cm, were collected
Sample preparation for enzymatic analysis
In summary, the assay mixture included 0.2 mL of the sample, 1 mL of cholinergic buffer, and 1 mL of phosphate
were prepared, and 5 μm thick sections were cut using a rotary microtome and collected on glass slides. The
Sample preparation for metal analysis
Mercury levels were assessed in the muscle, gill, liver, kidney, and experimental water. Tissue samples were
mixture of HNO3 and H2O2in a 5:1 ratio. Subsequently, the digested samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm
Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Agilent 7700 series, Agilent Technologies, USA)47.
Mercury determination through ICP-MS

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised