Akinlolu et al. 2025 - Cadmium chloride neurotoxicity in rat cerebrum

Akinlolu and colleagues evaluated whether Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum extracts altered cadmium-chloride-induced neurotoxicity endpoints in rat cerebrum. This is lane a4 toxicology and co-treatment context, not olive-oil occurrence evidence: cadmium chloride was deliberately injected, and olive oil was used as the vehicle for plant-extract administration. The source reports cadmium dose, group size, treatment duration, p-values, and biomarker classes for catalase, superoxide dismutase, COX-2, and cytochrome P450 in rat cerebrum.

Key numbers

• Study design: 24 adult male Wistar rats, six groups, 4 rats per group, with post-treatment across Days 1-17.
• Cadmium exposure: 1.5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride, single intraperitoneal dose on Day 1 to Groups 2-4 and 6.
• Plant-extract co-treatments: MO11 at 15 mg/kg body weight orally for Group 3; MO11 15 mg/kg body weight plus MS06 7 mg/kg body weight orally for Group 4.
• Vehicle and comparator: olive oil vehicle 1 ml/kg body weight orally for Group 5 for 17 Days; doxorubicin 3.35 mg/kg body weight as a single intravenous dose in Group 6.
• Catalase in rat cerebrum: CdCl2-only Group 2 was non-significantly lower than normal-saline Group 1 (p = 1.00); Group 3 increased non-significantly vs Group 2 (p = 0.21); Group 4 (p < 0.001), Group 5 (p = 0.03), and Group 6 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher than Group 2.
• Superoxide dismutase in rat cerebrum: Group 2 vs Group 1 was not significantly different (p = 0.19); Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 vs Group 2 were also not significantly different (p = 0.17, p = 0.28, p = 0.16, and p = 0.10, respectively).
• COX-2 in rat cerebrum: CdCl2-only Group 2 was significantly higher than normal-saline Group 1 (p < 0.001); Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were significantly decreased vs Group 2, each at p < 0.001.
• Cytochrome P450 in rat cerebrum: CdCl2-only Group 2 was significantly higher than normal-saline Group 1 (p < 0.001); Groups 3, 4, and 5 were significantly decreased vs Group 2 (p < 0.001 for each); Group 6 decreased non-significantly vs Group 2 (p = 0.34).
• Figure captions state that catalase and superoxide dismutase concentrations were reported as mean±SD in U/L, while COX-2 and cytochrome P450 were reported as mean±SD in pg/mL; the exact plotted mean±SD values are not extractable from the text layer.

Methods (brief)

The authors isolated MO11 from Moringa oleifera leaves and MS06 from Musa sapientum suckers after chromatography and LC-MS work described by their earlier studies. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Cadmium chloride was administered by single intraperitoneal injection, plant extracts were administered orally, olive oil was used as vehicle, and doxorubicin was used as a comparator. Cerebral CAT and SOD were measured by spectrometric methods; COX-2 and P450 were measured by ELISA at 450 nm. Results were presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test with 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.05.

Implications

Certification: This paper should not enter any olive-oil, moringa, banana, or botanical-product occurrence pool. It is controlled animal toxicology evidence for cadmium chloride neurotoxicity and post-treatment biomarkers.

Courses: Useful for the widened-scope rule because it documents downstream cadmium health-effect endpoints even though no consumer product was measured. It also shows why vehicle materials in a dosing protocol must not be treated as contaminated product matrices.

App: Supports cadmium toxicology context on the metal page. It does not support an ingredient contamination profile, consumer-product row, or HMTc threshold input.

Microbiome: No microbiome endpoints.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• cadmium
• index

Verification notes

• Recovered under the 2026-06-10 inclusion-by-default rule, lane a4 exposure and health effect, with adjacent co-treatment context. Prior skip was skip:not-food-occurrence because the paper had no finished-product occurrence table.
• DOI, title, author list, journal, publication timing, license, animal count, group size, cadmium dose, plant-extract doses, olive-oil vehicle dose, doxorubicin dose, p-values for CAT/SOD/COX-2/P450, and analytical methods were checked against the extracted PDF text on 2026-06-11.
• Units are preserved exactly as printed in the source: mg/kg body weight, ml/kg body weight, U/L, pg/mL, and p-value formatting such as p < 0.001, p = 0.03, and p ≤ 0.05.
• Speciation: the exposure compound is cadmium chloride (CdCl2); the source does not report cadmium speciation beyond that administered compound.
• Products and ingredients are intentionally empty. Olive oil is a vehicle-control material, not an analysed edible-oil sample.
• Exact plotted mean±SD values for CAT, SOD, COX-2, and P450 are not cleanly extractable from the PDF text; only the source-printed p-values and units are recorded as exact result values.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.