Overview
This paper develops and characterizes ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods for total tin and tin speciation (inorganic vs. organotin) in water samples with varying salinity, using Azov Sea and Black Sea waters as test matrices. It is a pure environmental analytical chemistry and methods paper with no food occurrence data. The only tin concentrations reported are for seawater samples: Azov Sea total tin approximately 0.17 µg/L, Black Sea approximately 0.24 µg/L. These are environmental water values and are not relevant to food tin occurrence or dietary exposure assessment.
Key numbers
No food-relevant tin data. Environmental water values: Azov Sea total tin approximately 0.17 µg/L; Black Sea total tin approximately 0.24 µg/L.
Evidence Fitness
Rejected as unusable for food tin occurrence evidence. This is a water analytical methods paper with no food matrices, no food concentration data, and no dietary relevance. The paper was included in the deposit unit as background on ICP spectrometry methods for tin speciation but contributes no new data to the food tin page.
Methods
ICP-OES and ICP-MS determination of total tin in water matrices with high and varying salt content; matrix interference characterization; hydride generation and direct nebulization comparisons. For speciation: GC-ICP-MS separation of organotin compounds.
Implications
Not applicable; no food data.
Provenance notes
Open access under CC BY license. Retrieved from PMC as PMC10459937. Included in the HMI-METAL-TIN-INORGANIC-1 deposit as background on tin analytical methods; not cited on the metal page.
Related evidence
None.
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.