Overview
This integrative study synthesizes secondary data on cadmium in agricultural soils of West Java and Central Java, computing contamination and ecological-risk indices and relating soil Cd to food-security risk. It is upstream soil-burden and exposure context for cadmium; it reports no primary retail food occurrence and is context-only for Heavy Metal Index purposes. It is soil-contamination evidence for the crops grown on affected ground.
Key numbers
- Standardized soil Cd concentrations (mg/kg dry weight, from AAS and ICP-OES) synthesized for 2022-2024; Contamination Factor (CF) and Ecological Risk factor (Er) computed via the Hakanson (1980) model.
- Bandung Regency (West Java): highest soil Cd at 6.6 mg/kg with extreme ecological risk (Er = 990), linked to textile and electroplating industry and wastewater discharge.
- Brebes-Demak-Pati (Central Java): moderate-to-high contamination at 2.2 mg/kg (Er = 330), attributed to prolonged fertilizer and pesticide use.
- Despite soil contamination, Cd in rice from Semarang was reported below the detection limit — a soil-burden-does-not-equal-food-concentration illustration.
Methods (brief)
Quantitative descriptive-comparative synthesis of secondary data from indexed scientific publications and Statistics Indonesia (BPS); CF and Er indices and correlation analysis between soil Cd and the percentage of polluted villages.
Implications
Certification: Contributes nothing to HMT&C threshold pools (no primary food occurrence). Upstream soil-burden/exposure context for cadmium in an important growing region; route as exposure/regulatory context to Soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals and Cadmium.
Courses: A clean teaching case that high soil Cd (and ecological risk) need not translate into elevated grain Cd (Semarang rice below detection), reinforcing the soil-is-not-food rule.
App: No contamination_profile blocks are touched.
Microbiome: Not a focus of this source.
Update history
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