significant risks for dermal-oral lead exposures, despite their attempts to

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• (nearly 100 %) method for removal of lead from skin. A systems approach
• Red lead monoxide powder (PbO; > 99:9 %, particle size
• commonly used cleansing protocol) are outlined in Table 1. Each protocol was
• TABLE 1—Cleansing protocols tested in evaluating efficacies of treated, textured wipes.
• A Wipe containing 10 mL of 0.5 % citric acid and 12.5 % ISML
• B Wipe containing 10 mL of 0.25 % citric acid and 18.75 %
• (S&W). 95 % confidence limits are shown (n=5). (See text and Table 1 for description).
• taining 0.5 % citric acid and 12.5 % ISML. Fourteen volunteer’s hands were
• included those listed in Table 2. These comparison products were selected as
• N, H, and G (cleansers listed in Table 2). The citric acid/ISML wipe also
• A Wipe containing 10 mL of 0.5 % citric acid and 12.5 % ISML solution
• battery plant dust (as 99 % PbO), of a licensed, converted (commercially manu-
•  2; 300 lg. Calculated percent removal for pre-commercial lot 0807 ranged
• from 99.7 to 99.9 %, indicating that the MEDTOXTM Wipe (which uses a slightly
• TABLE 3—Lead dust removal efficacy (hands) from a pre-commercial lot of textured citric acid/IMSL wipes.
• Volunteer Handwipe Pb Amount Pb ðlgÞ Recovered Pb Mass ðlgÞ Collected After 2 Calculated % Pb
• ized wipes have also demonstrated 99.2 % lead removal efficiency with five trials
• using 6; 000 lg palmer skin loadings and of straight PbO (99 %) from a lead-
• (21) Ashley, K., “Field-Portable Methods for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to

Methods (brief)

• washed off of the skin; finely divided metal particles not only lodge within the
• especially where the surface has interstices where contaminants can lodge and
• and groves and sample collection within a textured wipe. Photo courtesy of Micrex Cor-
• ture were weighed into samples of 33 mg each (to 61 mg) on an analytical bal-
• (consisting primarily of PbO collected from a lead-acid battery manufacturing
• plant in Texas, USA (14)) was also weighed into samples of approximately
• hand wipe sample was collected on every subject (researcher or volunteer)
• brand wipes were used for skin sampling. To collect skin samples for the pres-
• pletely unfold the wipe and then carefully wipe to sample the palmer surfaces of
• both hands for 30 s to collect an initial background sample for the presence of
• wipe into a 50-mL plastic centrifuge tube that was used for sample containment
• and laboratory transport. After sample collection, the centrifuge tube was
• tightly capped and labeled with a discrete sample identification number using
• (wearing clean nitrile gloves) carefully unfolded the sample weighing paper
• and poured each pre-weighed leaded dust sample into the volunteers’
• Two serial handwipe samples were then collected to evaluate the volunteers’
• 30 s and then to fold the wipe together with the “soiled” or sample side facing
• then capped and labeled. Skin sampling was repeated twice and the samples

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Baby Wipes
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.