The authors made filtration membranes from tungsten trioxide nanowires decorated with iron oxide or copper oxide and reinforced with cellulose, and tested removal of bacteria and a model virus. Leaching was checked for copper and iron only. The paper does not measure tungsten release into water.
Key numbers
This paper reports no numerical findings relevant to tungsten exposure.
Methods (brief)
Hydrothermal nanowire synthesis and impregnation, membrane characterization (micro-CT, Raman, FTIR, DLS, ICP-OES for copper and iron) and filtration tests, with a zebrafish acute test of filtered water.
Evidence fitness
Off-topic for dietary exposure: a water treatment materials paper that does not support dietary exposure or toxicity claims for tungsten, because tungsten in filtered water was not measured.
Limitations
Leachate analysis covered copper and iron, not tungsten. Zebrafish testing was performed by a contract laboratory and reported only as mortality.
Related evidence
Update history
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