Biochar made from tea waste was modified with lanthanum nitrate and tested for removing fluoride from water, including geothermal hot spring water in Tibet. Removal exceeded 95% in the spring water, with a maximum theoretical capacity of 47.47 mg/g at 80 degrees C.
Key numbers
- Maximum theoretical fluoride adsorption 47.47 mg/g at 80 degrees C; removal above 95% from geothermal spring water (abstract).
Methods (brief)
Pyrolysis at 700 degrees C, lanthanum modification optimized by orthogonal experiments, and adsorption kinetics and isotherms with SEM-EDS, BET, FTIR and XRD characterization.
Evidence fitness
Off-topic for dietary exposure: no lanthanum release or exposure data; does not support dietary exposure or toxicity claims.
Limitations
Laboratory material or biomedical study; no environmental, food or human exposure measurements.
Related evidence
Update history
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