This study sampled a single Neolithic cattle tooth in sequence to compare when and from where strontium and lead entered the enamel. Strontium isotope ratios changed in one direction from winter to summer, which the authors attribute wholly to diet, while lead varied in a way that suggests release from the animal’s own skeleton during calving and lactation.
Key numbers
- Strontium isotope ratios ran from a winter value of 0.7144 to 0.7110 in summer (Abstract, p. 1).
- Enamel strontium was 159 to 203 ppm where concentrations were higher; mixing end members were about 165 ppm (ratio 0.7144) and 210 ppm (ratio 0.7110) (pp. 4 and 6).
- Enamel lead was 0.05 to 0.9 ppm (p. 6).
Methods (brief)
Sequential enamel slices were analyzed for strontium and lead isotopes, element concentrations, and carbon and oxygen isotopes; sex was determined from enamel peptides.
Evidence fitness
Supports the interpretation that enamel strontium tracks diet, in contrast with lead, which also reflects skeletal stores. It is a single archaeological animal and does not support exposure or toxicity statements.
Limitations
One tooth from one animal; archaeological context; concentrations not normalized to modern foods.
Related evidence
Update history
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