Overview
Dias and colleagues tested nutshell wastes as biosorbents for cadmium, lead, and mercury removal from contaminated water. This is direct a2 remediation evidence, including tests in mineral-water matrix.
Key numbers
The abstract reports that hazelnut shells delivered efficiencies above 90% for all elements in ultrapure water and above 90% for Pb and Hg in mineral water.
Table 2 discussion states that after 48 h, hazelnut shells removed about 98% of Cd, 97% of Pb, and 90% of Hg in ultrapure-water assays.
For spiked mineral water, the paper reports that after 48 h hazelnut shells removed 92% of Pb, 90% of Hg, and 73% of Cd, showing matrix-related loss of cadmium performance.
Methods (brief)
The paper compared almond, hazelnut, peanut, pistachio, and walnut shells as biosorbents in mono-element and multi-element assays. Metals were measured in ultrapure water and natural mineral water under controlled contact-time experiments, with Cd and Pb by atomic absorption and Hg by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence.
Implications
Certification: Not packaged-water occurrence evidence. It belongs in the mitigation/remediation lane as a biosorbent-performance paper.
Courses: Useful for showing how a food-waste-derived sorbent can behave differently in ultrapure versus mineral-water matrices.
App: Context-only mitigation evidence.
Related evidence
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.