Overview
Dias and colleagues tested nutshell wastes as biosorbents for cadmium, lead, and mercury removal from contaminated water. This is direct a2 remediation evidence, including tests in mineral-water matrix.
Key numbers
The abstract reports that hazelnut shells delivered efficiencies above 90% for all elements in ultrapure water and above 90% for Pb and Hg in mineral water.
Table 2 discussion states that after 48 h, hazelnut shells removed about 98% of Cd, 97% of Pb, and 90% of Hg in ultrapure-water assays.
For spiked mineral water, the paper reports that after 48 h hazelnut shells removed 92% of Pb, 90% of Hg, and 73% of Cd, showing matrix-related loss of cadmium performance.
Methods (brief)
The paper compared almond, hazelnut, peanut, pistachio, and walnut shells as biosorbents in mono-element and multi-element assays. Metals were measured in ultrapure water and natural mineral water under controlled contact-time experiments, with Cd and Pb by atomic absorption and Hg by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence.
Implications
Certification: Not packaged-water occurrence evidence. It belongs in the mitigation/remediation lane as a biosorbent-performance paper.
Courses: Useful for showing how a food-waste-derived sorbent can behave differently in ultrapure versus mineral-water matrices.
App: Context-only mitigation evidence.
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Verification notes
Recovered from the corpus-rescreen queue under the 2026-06-10 inclusion-by-default rule. Products and ingredients remain intentionally empty because the study is a contaminated-water remediation experiment, not a consumer mineral-water survey.
Update history
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