leading to comparisons with the common

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• E-ISSN 3026-8702
• P-ISSN 3026-8745
• (p<0.05) lower crude protein in comparison to the shed-dried, there were no significant
• (P>0.05) changes in the proximate composition of Ipomoea batatas processed differently.
• Processing method did not significantly (p>0.05) affect the oxalate, tannins, nitrate, phytate
• significantly (p<0.05) lower trypsin contents when compared with shed-dried and sun-dried
• samples. The sun-dried sample of Ipomoea batatas had significantly (p<0.05) lower
• and the studied minerals didn’t significantly vary (p>0.05). Zaria specie had significantly
• (p<0.05) higher moisture, ash, lipid and Vitamin B2 compared with the Kano and Minna
• species. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in other proximate compositions
• (p<0.05) lower level of oxalate but higher trypsin compared with the other two species. On
• the other hand, tannins were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Minna specie. Vitamins B6,
• D, C and E were not affected significantly (p>0.05) among the Zaria, Kano and Minna
• differ significantly (p>0.05) among the species. Shade-drying and oven-drying may be
• vitamins B5 (pantothenic acid) and B6 language, spoken by indigenous peoples of
• benefits (Sousa et al., 2019; Albuquerque et are also called “camote,” a term derived from
• al., 2019). the Nahuatl language of the Aztecs, while in
• morning glory family (Convolvulaceae), the from the Quechua language (Yen et al., 1963;
• sweet potato is notable for its starchy, sweet- Adelaar et al., 1996).
• (Huaman et al., 1992; FAO, 2020). America. Archaeological evidence from Peru
• name can sometimes cause confusion, al., 1972; Austin et al., 1988).
• Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, in 1493 (Kingsburry et al., 1992;
• Hawkes et al., 1993). Sweet potatoes thrive in marginal soils with minimal inputs and water,
• over 100 countries (FAO, 2020; OECD, 2015). China is the leading producer, followed by
• soils, aiming to enhance productivity and nutritional quality (Rodrigues et al., 2016; Sousa et
• that offer additional health benefits (Albuquerque et al., 2019). Beyond direct consumption,
• et al., 2017). They are also utilized in biofuel production (Lareo et al., 2019).
• (Huaman et al., 1992).
• et al., 1753), the Hutchinson system (Hutchinson et al., 1973), the Takhtajan system
• (Takhtadzhian et al., 1997), the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) (2016), Wu Zhengyi
• (Zhou et al., 2016), and the Thorne system (Thorne et al., 1976). According to the APG
• classified under the Lamiids class, Solanales order, and Convolvulaceae family (APG, 2016).
• family comprises approximately 59 genera and over 1,600 species (Buril et al., 2012).
• encompassing more than 500 species (Singh, 2019). The sweet potato is the most significant
• violet, or reddish hues depending on the cultivar (Edmond et al., 1971). The stem’s epidermis
• The central pith consists of parenchyma cells (Ma et al., 2015).
• Stem length can range from 1 to 5 meters, with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm. Internodes may be
• spaced 2 to 20 cm apart along the stem (Barrera et al., 1989; Daros et al., 2002). The petioles,
• pigs and cattle, either fresh or as silage (Miranda et al., 2007).
• arranged spirally in a pentamerous phyllotaxis pattern (2/5). This means that the genetic spiral
• first (Edmond et al., 1971).
• Figure 1: Sweet potato main stem, petioles and leaves in spiral configuration of 2/5

Methods (brief)

• samples of Ipomoea batatas were obtained from Kano in Kano State, Minna in Niger State
• and Zaria in Kaduna state all in Nigeria. The samples were thoroughly washed separated
• methods of AOAC. With the exception of the fermented sample which had significantly
• and cyanide contents of Ipomoea batatas. However, oven-dried and fermented samples had
• samples. The sun-dried sample of Ipomoea batatas had significantly (p<0.05) lower
• concentrations of Vitamin E compared to other samples. Levels of Vitamins A, B2, D, C
• potatoes to Europe after collecting samples in Hispaniola (modern-day Santo Domingo)
• Source: Padmaja, (2009)
• The sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) samples studied were obtained from Gulu LGA in
• Sample collection and identification
• biological science federal university Dutsin-Ma, which were identified with the sample I. D.
• voucher number FUDMA/PSB/00116, and the fresh samples were randomly selected, placed
• The sample collected were thoroughly washed with clean water and divided into four portions
• the dish (W2). The dish was shaken gently to ensure uniform distribution of sample. The dish
• containing sample was placed in the oven at 100oC for 2 hours. The dish was kept in a
• W2= weight of aluminum + sample before drying
• W3= final weight of dish + samples after drying
• into the crucible (W2). The samples were ashed in a furnace at 600oC for 2hours. The crucible

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Lead
• Nickel
• Aluminum

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.