Overview
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Key numbers
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- mg/kg) and spinach (0.49 mg/kg) also surpassed the permissible threshold of 0.3 mg/kg, while Pb in soil peaked
- at 1.05 mg/kg, more than three times the allowable limit. Chromium levels in soil were similarly elevated (1.05
- mg/kg), though plant uptake remained low. Strong positive correlations between Pb and Zn (r > 0.90) and
- Figure 1 illustrates the key anthropogenic sources of heavy and Cr in soils and three vegetables (Allium cepa, Daucus
- and irrigation water, especially leafy vegetables like spinach, area in Kano State. It is located between longitude 8030’50’’E
- study has quantitatively assessed heavy metal transfer from annual mean rainfall ranges from 800 mm to 900 mm, with
- soil to commonly consumed vegetables. This study aims to variations of up to ± 30%. The typical annual temperature is
- Samples of soil and irrigated vegetables from Sharada for obtain a less than 2 mm fraction of the soil. All samples were
- from each plant collection site (Bouida et al., 2024; Nepal et solution, followed by 20% nitric acid, rinsed with tap water,
- Table 1: Mean Values ± Standard Error of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Some Vegetables and Soil from Sharada
- Cd (mg/kg) 0.285 ± 0.06 0.280 ± 0.58 0.440 ± 0.13 0.095 ± 0
- Ni (mg/kg) ND 0.085 ± 0.01 3.010 ± 0.58 2.74 ± 0.58
- Pb (mg/kg) 0.294 ± 0.06 0.328 ± 0.06 0.490 ± 0.06 1.054 ± 0.58
- Cr (mg/kg) 0.230 ± 0.06 0.227 ± 0.06 0.075 ± 0.01 1.052 ± 0.57
- Table 1 above shows the mean values of heavy metal This suggests that while iron may naturally exist in greater
- with lead contamination in crops (Hettiarachchi et al., 2024), metal contamination in both soils and vegetables cultivated
- recognized that cadmium has severe toxicity (Sable et al., oleracea) recording a cadmium level of 0.44 mg/kg, which is
- 2024; Kuna et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2024; Goel et al., 2024; 340% above the recommended maximum of 0.1 mg/kg. These
- Daliyev et al., 2024; Jiang et al., 2024; Budi et al., 2024), even exceedances are clearly presented in Table 2, which compares
- Table 2: Mean Concentrations of Heavy Metals (mg/kg) in Vegetables and Farm Soils from Sharada Compared with
- of copper (Cu), reaching 115.35 mg/kg, suggesting that root of chromium (Cr) by vegetables, despite its high
- permissible threshold of 1.36 mg/kg but remained low in plant positive correlations were observed between Zn and Pb (r =
- The observed disparities in metal accumulation among plant detailed in Table 3, which shows significant correlations
- Table 3: Pearson Correlation Matrix of Heavy Metals in Vegetable and Soil Samples. Correlations Significant at the
- similar zones. For instance, Pb levels in soil (1.054 mg/kg) influence metal mobility and uptake, was not assessed, and no
- vegetables and irrigation soils within the Sharada industrial Poudel, A., & Suchi, S. A. (2024). Sources, effects and
- (2024). Bioaccumulation and health risks of chromium and contamination in soil, vegetables and fish around Challawa
- Assessment of heavy metals accumulation by vegetables of Soil, Water, and Air Pollution in Agriculture, 71.
Methods (brief)
- FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS)
- soils and edible parts of onion (Allium cepa), carrot (Daucus carota), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) collected
- from three irrigation farms in the Sharada industrial area, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 36 composite samples
- were analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results revealed that cadmium levels in spinach
- FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 9 No. 8, August, 2025, pp 165 – 171 165
- The samples of soil and fresh vegetables (onion (Alium cepa), carrot (Daucus carota) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea)) were
- FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 9 No. 8, August, 2025, pp 165 – 171 166
- Samples of soil and irrigated vegetables from Sharada for obtain a less than 2 mm fraction of the soil. All samples were
- commercial purposes were randomly collected as shown in kept at room temperature until utilized for acid digestion
- We randomly collected five soil (0-15 cm depth) samples reagent (AnalaR) grade chemicals and distilled water. All
- from the farm and mixed them to create a composite sample glassware and plastic containers were washed with detergent
- al., 2024). We packaged these samples in well-labeled and finally distilled water (Hussaini et al., 2021; Alkali et al.,
- samples in a large brown envelope, labeled them, and The concentrations of metals (nickel, zinc, iron, chromium,
- absorption spectrophotometer AAS (Agilent 240FS AA
- Preparation of Soil and Vegetable Samples model, Agilent Lab, USA).
- The plant samples were washed with tap water and carefully
- samples were then cut into small pieces, air dried for 24 hours The study used Principal Component Analysis with SPSS 29,
-
- 70oC until totally dry. Each dry sample was ground into a metals. We assessed the level of significance of differences in
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