contamination of milk with some heavy metals in some areas of

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• measured by (AAS- MHS 15). The results of study showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic
• in milk samples are 0.0087 ppm, 0.055 ppm and 0.105 ppm; respectively. Concentration of cadmium were higher
• than the permissible limit according to Europe Union and Codex Alimentarius milk 0.01 ppm in urban areas (Fowah,
• Union and Codex Alimentarius of lead in milk 0.02 ppm in areas (Fowah, Al- Ghaleelah, and Shaheer). Arsenic
• suitable or uninhabitable for life (1). Atomic weights are exposed to long-term doses of lead, which leads
• most common and harmful transition metals safe limits for arsenic (10 μg/L), as recommended by
• 14 ppm (12). Lead is one of the earliest metals Living organism’s plants, animals or microorganisms
• samples in all study areas was 0.10 ppm.
• The detection limits of cadmium, lead and arsenic Table 1: Cadmium, lead and Arsenic concentrations
• were 0.008, 0.012 and 0.0013 ppm. (ppm) in milk samples in study areas
• Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D) with Mean 0.0087 0.055 0.10
• between study areas Table 1. The highest
• 0.0136 ppm and Fowah 0.0113 ppm, followed by Thelah and between Al-Ghaleelah and Shaheer,
• Shaheer 0.01 ppm then Thelah 0.0086 ppm. The while Al-Khareebah were below detection limit.
• in all study areas was 0.0087 ppm. differences between Shaheer and Al-Ghaleelah. Al-
• 0.098 ppm, followed by Al-Ghaleelah 0.085 ppm of statistical analysis showed significant
• then Shaheer 0.074 ppm, while the lowest differences in arsenic concentrations between all
• concentration was in Thelah 0.019 ppm. The study areas except between Al-Ghaleelah and
• detaction limit <0.012. The general average of lead results are shown in Table 2.
• was 0.55 ppm. The highest concentration of arsenic
• was in Thelah 0.163 ppm, Al-Khareebah was 0.130
• ppm then Shaheer that was 0.098 ppm and Al-
• Ghaleelah 0.097 ppm, while the lowest
• concentration was in Fowah 0.040 ppm. The
• Table 2 :Cadmium, lead and arsenic concentrations (ppm) in milk samples, the values are (mean ± SD n=3)
• Statistical significance difference at P< 0.05. The values are (mean ± SD n=3)
• Figure 2 : Box Plot of cadmium, lead and arsenic concentrations (ppm) in sheep milk samples
• 0.0136 ppm (Table 1) in milk samples collected and north-east Hungary 0.007-0.040 ppm (37).
• Ghaleelah; respectiveiy. These results partially reported by (41) 0.0025-0.033 ppm and higher
• (2016) (40) 0.00071-0.009 ppm and (41) 0.0099- Average lead concentrations in Fowah, Al-
• 0.00044 ppm. Higher than these results were Ghaleelah and Shaheer are 0.098, 0.085, and 0.074
• ppm in Al-Ghaleelah (Table 1) This is due to the type milk 0.02 ppm (51). This is due to the increase in
• (Table 1) were found below the Codex Alimentarius the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
• ppm (48). Except Fowah, Al-Ghaleelah and Shaheer,
• maximum permissible limit of cadmium in milk for arsenic in milk samples ranged from 0.040 ppm to
• Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards. 0.163 ppm average (0.10 ppm) (Table 1). The
• In this study, the lead concentrations in milk arsenic concentrations values above 0.10 ppm were
• 0.085 and 0.098 (Table 1) were prepared from Al- Average of arsenic concentrations values under
• <0.030 ppm and (57) <0.03. Average results Average arsenic concentration in milk samples
• whereas milk samples from urban areas (Fowah, Al- in milk 0.1 ppm (59) Al-Khareebah was in
• Table 3 : A comparison of cadmium, lead and arsenic content (ppm) in milk

Methods (brief)

• 45 samples of milk were collected from five areas of the Hadhramaut coast (Fowah, Al-Ghaleelah Thelah, Shaheer
• and Al-Khareebah). Cadmium and lead concentrations were measured by (FAAS), while arsenic concentrations were
• measured by (AAS- MHS 15). The results of study showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium, lead and arsenic
• in milk samples are 0.0087 ppm, 0.055 ppm and 0.105 ppm; respectively. Concentration of cadmium were higher
• a significant level (p<0.05) in milk samples in the different study areas. This study confirmed that sheep milk are good
• • Their presence cannot be limited to only a technique was used to select the samples in this
• single habitat. study. A total of 45 milk samples were collected from
• • Samples should be easy for chemical analysis heavy metals analysis included in this study.
• Samples of sheep’s milk were randomly selected, to
• human activities, samples were collected from
• animals occupy a larger area than cows, so they move Samples preparation
• in search of water and food for very long distances, The samples were dried by drying and sterilization
• which makes them vulnerable to various types of oven J.P Selecta. Each 30 mL of milk samples was
• according to some internal factors (lactation status, (31). Samples were digested by microwave digestion
• animal type, and health condition such as mastitis), system Model START D (32). The digestion method of
• and other external factors such as: production milk samples was used (HPR-FO-24) according to
• ability of animals to adjust to a range of the device. The digested samples were placed in
• Thus, heavy metal concentration in milk can be an Sample Analysis

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel

Verification notes

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Update history

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