Mercury in Selected Abiotic and Biotic Elements in Two Lakes

Overview

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Key numbers

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• Environmental Protection and Food of mercury in the organs of common reed did not exceed 0.017 mg/kg dry weight (dw), and its
• https://doi.org/10.3390/ lakes, the average mercury content did not exceed 0.086 mg/kg of wet weight (ww) and in most
• dietary exposure to total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) was below 0.3% of the TWI.
• that far less than 1% of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) remain dissolved in water, and
• status (4). Hence, as much as 99% of trace metals are stored in sediments, which makes
• (486.6 ha) and deep (maximum depth 41.3 m, mean depth 12.9 m) (44). Lake Wisola has a
• (oxygen saturation > 20%) and Lake Wisola as β-mesotrophic (oxygen saturation < 20%).
• Sampling sites of water and organic sediments (> 5% of organic matter).
• Sampling sites of water, common reed and mineral sediments (< 5% of organic matter).
• for the study: a total of 480 fish specimens. The respective ranges (min–max) of the
• content: organic (>5%) and mineral (<5%).
• was reduced by the addition of 50% hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (HONH2 ·HCl).
• another separatory funnel containing 50 mL of 0.25 N H2 SO4 . Next, 10 mL of 40% KBr
• mercury solution (1000 mg/L, Merck, Germany). Mercury content was determined at a
• range of 0.20–10.0 µg/L. For six independent calibrations, an average linear determination
• coefficient (R2) of 0.9986 was calculated. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 µg/L
• and was based on the 3 SD criterion (LOD = 3 SD B/m, where m means the slope of the
• calibration curve and SD B means the standard deviation of 10 successive measurements of
• 5 mL of 10% SnCl2 and the concentration of mercury vapors was subsequently determined.
• proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (41,42): (1) 100% of the total mercury
• values were compared with the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1.3 µg/kg/week set by
• oral reference dose (mg/kg/day) for Hg (1.0 × 10−4 ); AT, averaging exposure time for
• studied lakes in the entire study period ranged from 7.1 to 9.2 in the case of Lake Ińsko and
• was wider due to periodic oxygen deficiency in the bottom layer (Table 2). The tributary of
• Lake Ińsko was characterized by a pH of 6.9–7.6 and an oxygenation of 6.1–10.0 mg/L and
• Table 2. Mercury concentration and other parameters of water from lakes Ińsko and Wisola (mean ± SD).
• The average mercury levels in organic sediments (organic matter > 5%) amounted to
• 0.109 mg/kg dw in Lake Ińsko and 0.148 mg/kg dw in Lake Wisola, and were significantly
• higher compared with the group of mineral sediments (organic matter < 5%), where the
• average mercury levels were 0.014 and 0.019 mg/kg dw, respectively (Table 3). The average
• depended on the sampling site and ranged as wide as 0.8–28.1% in Lake Ińsko and 0.9–47.9%
• factors in the organic sediments ranged from 48,000 to 292,000 in Lake Ińsko and from 76,500
• Table 3. Mercury content and other parameters of bottom sediments from lakes Ińsko and Wisola
• • organic matter > 5% from sampling sites I3, I5 (Lake Ińsko) and W1, W5 (Lake Wisola); ** organic matter < 5%
• tween 0.006 and 0.017 mg/kg dw (Table 4). In general, Hg accumulation was highest in
• reed from Lake Wisola (Table 4). In both lakes, the accumulation of mercury in reed or‐
• 0.006 and 0.017 mg/kg dw (Table 4). In general, Hg accumulation was highest in the
• reed from Lake Wisola (Table 4). In both lakes, the accumulation of mercury in reed organs
• in leaves was within the ranges of 0.003–0.014 (Lake Ińsko) and 0.005–0.020 (Lake Wisola)
• Table 4. Mercury content and bioaccumulation factors in organs of common reed (mean ± SD;
• study period are presented in Table 5. The Hg level ranged from <0.001 to 0.460 mg/kg ww
• in pike, <0.001 to 0.090 mg/kg ww in bream and 0.001 to 0.155 mg/kg ww in roach. Mercury

Methods (brief)

• Protasowicki, M. Mercury in Selected cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The concentrations of Hg in water and bottom
• Research waswas collected
• Water samples from surface and near‐bottom (approx. 0.5 m from the bottom) layers werecol-
• samples from surface and near-bottom (approx. 0.5 m from the bottom) layers were
• collected polyethylene containers
• France).sediments were collected
• Reeds were collected from the strip of emergent
• Reeds were collected from the strip of emergent vegetation vegetation forming
• divided into stomach and intestine in pike and bream) and food content. The collected
• 2.4. Samples Preparation
• Samples of water, bottom sediments and plants were prepared as three parallel replicates.
• From the fish tissues and organs, every tenth sample was analyzed three times. In parallel,
• blank samples and reference materials were prepared.
• For mercury determination, 1 L of water samples was poured into quartz glass beakers.
• Then, 20 mL of KMnO4 and 15 mL of concentrated H2 SO4 were added and the samples were
• placed in an incubator at 60 ◦ C for one hour. After cooling the samples, the excess KMnO4
• The samples were transferred to glass separatory funnels and Hg was extracted twice,
• using 10 mL of chloroform dithizone solution each time. The extracts were collected in

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Cadmium

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Update history

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