Health Risk Assessment Attributed to Consumption of Fish

Overview

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Key numbers

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(CVAAS). The total-Hg levels ranged from 0 to 3.159 µg/g. The average concentration in non-
Oliveira, M.W.; de Oliveira Lima, M.; carnivorous species (n = 32) was 0.116 µg/g, and among carnivorous fish (n = 43), it was 0.869 µg/g.
and 0.1 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Recent review articles illustrate the magnitude of the
of the Negro River. This Basin covers 83% of Roraima, with a drainage area that covers
reference material for trace metals (DOLT-4) (% of recovery: 92.24 ± 7.73; 70.92 to 100)
and fish protein-certified reference material for trace metals (DORM-3) (% of recovery:
is in the form of methylmercury, since, as previously described, more than 90% of the
were made: (i) 100% of the mercury detected in the fish samples is in the chemical form of
methylmercury (MeHg); and (ii) 100% of the methylmercury present in the fish muscle is
an average mercury concentration of 0.31 µg/g (SD 0.29) and median concentration of
and median concentration of 0.45 µg/g. Finally, at the Uraricoera River (Collection Point 4),
Table 1. Characterization of the fish collected in the Branco River Basin, Roraima, Brazil.
The mercury concentration average in non-carnivorous species (n = 32) was 0.116 µg/g
(SD 0.126) and the average concentration for carnivorous fish (n = 43) was 0.869 µg/g
Table 2 presents the methylmercury doses ingested by different population sub-
FAO/WHO 0.45allμg/kg
Table 3 presents the risk ratio attributable to the consumption of methylmercury
ingested based on fish consumption of 50 g are below the limit of 0.45 µg/kg bw/day, as
Table 2. Estimates of mercury doses ingested according to different fish consumption levels and
Table 3. Risk ratio attributable to the consumption of fish contaminated by mercury according to the
that range from 69 to 96 g per day. Finally, it is not recommended that children aged 2 to
Table 4. Calculation of maximum safe fish consumption (in grams per day) according to the U.S.
Table 5. Calculation of maximum safe fish consumption (in grams per day) according to
of mercury that ranged from 0 to 3.16 µg/g. Of the four collection points selected to
the Uraricoera River (57.1%) presented concentrations of methylmercury equal to or above
the capital of Boa Vista, the lowest levels of contamination (23.5%) were reported. In this
of indigenous people, since mercury levels in blood samples, ranging from - to 62.6 µg/L
Sing et al. (49) found lower levels of contamination (ranging from 2.0 to 31.3 µg/L in
40% of the participants presented hair mercury concentrations above 6.0 µg/g. Finally,
et al. (43) identified median concentrations of mercury in the hair of Yanomami who live
had almost a 3 times greater risk (RC: 2.91; CI95% 1.26–7.28) of developing high levels
hair mercury levels above 2.0 µg/g represented a 69% higher risk of suffering an acute
fish, we assume that 100% of the mercury present in the muscle of the fish collected
is in the form of methylmercury, and 100% of this mercury is absorbed by the human
The Netherlands, 2016. Available online: http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%25
3A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-735-10%252FReport%252FREP16_CFe.pdf

Methods (brief)

four trophic levels (i.e., herbivore, omnivore, detritivore, and carnivore), were collected at four
locations in the Branco River Basin. The fish samples were sent to the Toxicology Laboratory at
Evandro Chagas Institute to determine the total-Hg levels by using the cold vapor atomic system
(CVAAS). The total-Hg levels ranged from 0 to 3.159 µg/g. The average concentration in non-
Basta, P.C. Health Risk Assessment The weighted average of contamination levels for all samples was 0.545 µg/g. The health risk
the locations sampled is at high risk attributable to mercury ingestion, with the only exception of
problem by revealing the methylmercury levels detected in hair samples of individuals
levels in freshwater fish collected in the Rio Branco Basin and commercialized in the markets
Collection and Storage of Fish Samples
Fish were collected from the following four locations in the Branco River Basin (Figure 1):
ice and shipped to Boa Vista. Each sample was photographed, and the information on
The taxonomic identification of each specimen collected was confirmed to the maxi-
cooler with ice and shipped to Boa Vista. Each sample was photographed, and the
g. The samples common
The taxonomic identification of each specimen collected was confirmed to the
dorsal part of each specimen, which was divided into 3 portions of roughly 2 g. The samples
The total mercury (THg) determination in fish samples was carried out at the Tox-
proposed by Akagi et al. (55). For each sample, 0.3 to 0.5 g of muscle tissue was weighed

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised