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Heavy Metal Index

metals by exporting the cations as a metal–glutathione complex. The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal–glutathione

Source

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus.

Page snapshot
Cited by9 pages
Metals measured7
Evidence tierB
Year2021

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

  • metal–glutathione complexes is shown in Fig. 1. The sulfur of Methyl mercury rapidly combines with GSH to form a stable
  • human MRP1 and MRP2 in MDCKII cells, suggesting that the be unstable.21,34 In canine cells transfected with genes for human
  • Drosophila MRP is highly homologous to human MRP1 (50% calcein transport.21 These data suggest a role for GSH in mediat-
  • identity and 67% similarity), making it a good model to study the ing the export of arsenic from the cell by MRP1 and MRP2, poten-
  • in orange have been shown to be transported by ABC transporters as a metal–sulfur cluster complexed by glutathione.114
  • is used to induce apoptosis to treat a range of cancers, yet re- cell.50 Glutathione transferase deletion in yeast results in in-
  • Table 1. Summary of metals transported by ABC transporters as mal cells undergo apoptosis. When exposed to 5 μM Cd(II), ABCC7
  • drugs, as indicated in 60% of Indian patients.55 Overexpres-
  • vated levels of GSH confer nickel tolerance, most likely by protect- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atm1p shares a high % similarity with
  • Fig. 5 Alignment of ScAtm1p, NaAtm1p, and HsABCB7. ScAtm1p, NaAtm1p, and HsABCB7 have high sequence identity, with NaAtm1p showing 42.74%
  • erance to a broad range of organic anions, J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 92. T. A. Schaedler, J. D. Thornton, I. Kruse, M. Schwarzlander, A. J.

Methods (brief)

  • (6), 925–951. 70. J. Alexander, J. Aaseth and T. Refsyik, Excretion of zinc in rat
    1. J. Alexander, J. Aaseth and A. Mikalsen, Excretion of lead in rat bile: a role of glutathione, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1981, 49 (3),

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

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Verification notes

  • Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
  • Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
  • Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
  • Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
  • HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

CommitDateChangeDescription
b01ec52c2026-08-04major2 sections added
d49e450f2026-08-03major5 sections added; narrative text revised