Overview
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Key numbers
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- coefficient, 3.5 mM as the limit of detection (LOD), 11.7 mM as the limit of quantification (LOQ), and 2.78%
- and 5.29% as the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD), respectively. The recovery of
- waste water by the investigated Cr sensor was found to be 78.58–119.69%. Therefore, the proposed
- saffron successfully.10 A quantum yield of 23.6% was obtained el(II) chloride, silver(I) chloride, and magnesium chloride were
- (13.6%), excellent biocompatibility, low-toxicity, and satisfac- solution pH buffering controller. A TENSOR 27 attenuated total
- 80% ethanol at 0.4 kW and 45 C. Aer 30 min, the shallot
- tivity of CDs remained constant in the range of 0.5–1.5 mg L1.
- 3.65–8.15 nm with an average size of 4.14 nm. Fig. S1† displays The QY of CDs was calculated as 32.34%, whereas the value for
- the FTIR spectrum of the as-synthesized CDs. The broad peak at quinine sulfate was 54%.23
- rescence intensity of CDs was detected for the pH range of 3–8.
- the pH range of 9–11, thus causing a change in the functional
- uorescence quenching. were slightly decreased at an 80% tall column from the rst
- H2O2 concentration to 50% from the nal concentration. The
- uorescence for 60% that was as same as the 70% of Cr(VI) average value, respectively. SD and X-bar were calculated from
- potential increased at pH ¼ 4 and was discounted at pH ¼ 7, in Table S1† were validated for the repeatability of the analytic
- addition of Cr(VI) ions into CDs resulted in uorescence compared with previous reported values (Table 1).35–41 It is
- detection (LOD), limit of quantication (LOQ), and relative method. Table 2 presents the amounts of recovered Cr(III) and
- bration slope of the inter- and intra-day analysis. Table S1† following equation.
- calibration graph followed the linear equation of y ¼ mx + b, % Recovery ¼ ((Cfound Creal)/Cadded) 100
- was carried out by the following expression:% RSD ¼ (SD/X-bar) proposed method ranged between 78.58% and 119.69% for the
- 100, where SD and X-bar are the standard deviation and the mean percentage (n ¼ 3) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions. Therefore, the
- Table 1 Carbon quantum dots based sensory probes for chromium detection
- Table 2 Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in real samplesa
- Cr(VI) sensing in real samples. efficiency of quinine sulfate was found as 32.34%. The stability
- interference of lipid and protein. However, the accuracy of the range of 3–7. The emission was not affected by NaCl and EDTA
- sensor ranged between 100% and 120% during the recovery of salts during the study of the ionic strength and masking solu-
- by the proposed method ranged between 78.6% and 107.5% for friendly characteristics. The sensor for chromium(VI) ions was
- application as well. limit of detection, 11.7 mM as the limit of quantication, 2.78%
- and 5.29% as the intra-day and inter-day relative standard
- sensor was found as 78.58–119.69%. Therefore, the proposed 17 A. T. R. Williams, S. A. Wineld and J. N. Miller, Analyst,
Methods (brief)
- coefficient, 3.5 mM as the limit of detection (LOD), 11.7 mM as the limit of quantification (LOQ), and 2.78%
- a Teon-lined autoclave. Xu et al. prepared nitrogen-doped samples and shallot were obtained from the local market of
- extract solution was collected. The concentration of the crude
- (Scheme S1†). A clear yellow solution of CDs was collected aer
- a 0.05 mol L1 phosphate buffer with pH ¼ 7 at room temper- (0.525 keV), and S (2.31 keV) in CDs. Si appeared during sample
- All milk samples were pre-treated by 0.05 M HCl and heated
- Method validation Analysis of real samples
- conditions of several parameters, such as linearity, limit of samples was successfully demonstrated by the proposed
- detection (LOD), limit of quantication (LOQ), and relative method. Table 2 presents the amounts of recovered Cr(III) and
- standard deviation (RSD). RSD was calculated from the cali- Cr(VI) ions in the samples. The recovery was calculated by the
- is the slope, and b is the y interception. LOD and LOQ were where Cfound, Creal, and Cadded are the analytical concentration
- tration and m is the calibration slope. The evaluation of RSD that was spiked in the sample respectively.42 The recovery by the
- Table 2 Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in real samplesa
- Sample Total Cr (mM) Cr(III) (mM) Cr(VI) (mM) (% recovery) (% recovery) Total Cr (mM)
- n.d.: selected metal ion was not found in the sample used.
- Cr(VI) sensing in real samples. efficiency of quinine sulfate was found as 32.34%. The stability
- and Cr(VI) ions from all milk samples (1, 2, and 3) due to the high uorescence intensity of CDs was detected for the pH
- Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions from all industrial wastewater samples (1 tion effect. Water was selected as the solvent of CDs (water-
Implications
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Update history
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