chain that specifically leads to edible food for human consumption” [2]. Indeed, it is estimated that

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Ali Zein Alabiden Tlais 1 , Giuseppina Maria Fiorino 1 , Andrea Polo 1 , Pasquale Filannino 2
• 1 Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
• 2 Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
• pasquale.filannino1@uniba.it
• domestic/commercial kitchens (1). The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United
• chain that specifically leads to edible food for human consumption” (2). Indeed, it is estimated that
• ca. 45% of the food produced is lost or wasted before and after reaching the consumer, along all
• 25 years (1). Every year, approximately 1.3 billion tons of FW, which is equal to one third of total food
• bakery and dairy products (1,4). Among the factors leading to the large amount of FW, the growing
• Molecules 2020, 25, 2987; doi:10.3390/molecules25132987 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
• waste, with the primary purpose of encouraging the prevention (Figure 1). According to an order
• REVIEW of bio-waste with a view to the composting and digestion3ofof 29
• and (iii) the use of environmentally safe materials produced from bio-waste (3,5).
• of recovered (3). FW can be incinerated for the production of energy but the release of dioxins due to
• 2 emission during the combustion may affect the human health and
• (3,4). Additionally, dietary
• residual fractions (7,8). Identification, quantification and extraction of these compounds,
• consequent higher methane generation (4). Production of animal feed addressed to the breeding and of
• (7). HVC of plants are divided into two groups: essential (primary) and non-essential (secondary)
• of FW for animal feeding is currently regulated in the EU, thus limiting its application in this field (6).
• Table 1 summarizes quantitative data about BC and dietary fibers found in industrial fruit and
• vegetable byproducts and their antioxidant activity. Table 2 shows the main BC in cereal byproducts
• additives and colorants for the formulation of novel and functional products (7,8).
• has achieved surprisingly high values in the last decades, and food demand will continue to grow (9).
• byproducts, and husk, bran and germ as the main cereal byproducts (10).
• Figure 2. Graphical
• Figure 2. Graphicalillustration
• 4.1.High-Value
• essential major (67).
• potential alternative that makes it possible to overcome several drawbacks of conventional solvent- properties (7).
• extraction of bioactives (67). Moreover, enzymes can catalyze reactions with high specificity and
• rich in phenolics, carotenoids, phytosterols, polysaccharides, proteins and fatty acids (7,10). Table 1
• byproducts and their antioxidant activity. Table 2 shows the main BC in cereal byproducts with
• available in fruit and vegetable byproducts (8).
• ring and an organic carboxylic acid (C6–C1 skeleton). They can be subdivided into two families:
• generally more abundant in fruits and vegetables when compared to hydroxybenzoic acids (8). Caffeic,
• acid, vanilic and protocatechuic acid (40). Among the variety of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids
• Flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two aromatic rings
• like flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanonols, and anthocyanins (8). Flavonoids are
• their redox potential, which allows them to act as reducing agents and hydrogen quenchers (40).
• proteins to form insoluble precipitates (8). Tannins can be subdivided into four major groups based
• Epicatechin and catechin are the most widely studied condensed tannins (8). Despite antinutritional

Methods (brief)

• REVIEW of bio-waste with a view to the composting and digestion3ofof 29
• with 10 or more monomeric units that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small
• able to affect human digestion and metabolism, cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis, and diabetes
• (Triticum aestivum L.) and its effect on the digestion of surimi protein. LWT 2019, 102, 106–112. (CrossRef)
• 83. Vidmantiene, D.; Juodeikiene, G.; Basinskiene, L. Technical ethanol production from waste of cereals and its

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Lead
• Aluminum

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.