Total mercury concentrations in muscles

Overview

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Key numbers

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Epub May 15, 2026 concentration found in males ranged from 0.034 mg.kg-1 to 1.930 mg.kg-1,
while in females it ranged from 0.036 mg.kg-1 to 1.980 mg.kg-1. The maximum
areas, play an important economic role, being responsible for 98% of global fishing
previously washed with 65% nitric acid, and stored in a freezer at -20°C until the analysis.
µg.kg-1 or 0.005 mg.kg-1), and a wide linear calibration range (from μg L-1 to mg L-1)
(spectrometer) (PS Analytical), with an LD of 0.0001 mg.kg−1 and an LQ of 0.05 μg/L
(under these conditions, the LD is 0.02 μg/L), was used. All samples were analyzed in
2015). The same methodology was used to analyze the samples. The mean percentage of
THg recovery in the certified samples was 90%, indicating that there was no significant
(N = 10) and females (N = 10). The statistical tests mentioned were repeated for each
Specimens analyzed. The total length (TL) of the males ranged from 0.76 to 1.13 m
and the total weight (TW) ranged from 3.135 to 13.835 kg. For the females, the TL
the specimens were classified as mature adults (C = mature, N = 17 and D = spawned, N
brasiliensis – according to Figueiredo et al., 2010) (N = 86, 53%), followed by broadband
anchovy (Anchoviella lepidentostole) (N = 66, 41%), tropical two-wing flyingfish
(Tab. 1). In 10 (37%) of the 27 fish, it was not possible to identify and quantify the
stomach contents as they had been heavily digested. Only 3 (10%) fish had empty
ranged from 0.034 to 1.930 mg.kg−1 (WW), whereas in females it ranged from 0.036
is 1.0 µg.g−1 / 1.0 mg.kg−1. Regarding the mean and standard deviation, the minimum
mean observed in males was 0.065 mg.kg−1 and the maximum mean was 1.747 mg.kg−1
(overall mean and standard deviation = 0.819 ± 0.439 mg.kg−1), while the minimum
TABLE 1 | Information regarding the specimens of little tunny analyzed in this study. # / N = Number;
3 1.05 6.826 M D Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 35
4 0.85 3.863 F C Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 12
5 0.83 5.835 M C Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 18
7 0.75 3.742 F C Tropical two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans)/N = 5
10 1.13 13.835 M D Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 3
11 1.03 5.878 M D Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 6
12 0.97 5.586 M D Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 3
13 0.86 4.742 M C Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 6
14 0.76 3.535 M C Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis)/N = 3
26 0.88 5.674 M C Tropical two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans)/N = 1
28 0.82 4.362 F C Tropical two-wing flyingfish (Exocoetus volitans)/N = 1
mean observed in females was 0.051 mg.kg−1 and the maximum mean was 1.421
mg.kg−1 (overall mean and standard deviation = 0.861 ± 0.473 mg.kg−1) (Tab. 2). The
overall mean and standard deviation for the species were 0.833 ± 0.443 mg.kg−1 (Tab. 3).
TABLE 2 | Total mercury concentrations in the muscle of Euthynnus alletteratus samples analyzed in this
study. THg = Total Mercury; # / N = Number; Sex (M = Male, F = Female); SBS 1 (Sub-Sample 1), SBS 2 (Sub-
15 (50%) of the 30 samples of E. alletteratus analyzed exceeded the maximum limit for Hg
(maximum value) and 1 (mean value). In addition, according to the USEPA (1989),
this study, 27 (90%) had food items in their stomachs. Sardinella brasiliensis was the prey
play an important economic role, accounting for 98% of the world’s fish production.

Methods (brief)

were reported in samples of water, sediment, and mussels at various points throughout
Time and place of sample collection. A total of 90 fish samples of E. alletteratus (N
and physical condition. The samples were collected during fish landings in the months
samples. This was used to determine the most consumed prey by E. alletteratus while
Extraction and pretreatment of samples. The specimens were acquired as a whole
were measured, weighed, and analyzed to obtain biological samples. From each sample
for analysis. The samples were divided into triplicate, with three smaller aliquots, duly
digestion of the samples to decompose the organic matter. Microwave digestion in
a closed vessel was conducted using the ETHOS UP microwave sample digester
(Milestone, Sorisole, Italy). To determine the THg in the biological samples, Cold
(Sánchez-Rodas et al., 2010). The PSA 10.025 Millennium Merlin Mercury Analyzer
(under these conditions, the LD is 0.02 μg/L), was used. All samples were analyzed in
2015). The same methodology was used to analyze the samples. The mean percentage of
THg recovery in the certified samples was 90%, indicating that there was no significant
samples out of the 20 acquired in order to perform comparative analyses between males
maturation of the individual samples. In terms of sex, 20 males and 10 females were
TABLE 2 | Total mercury concentrations in the muscle of Euthynnus alletteratus samples analyzed in this
study. THg = Total Mercury; # / N = Number; Sex (M = Male, F = Female); SBS 1 (Sub-Sample 1), SBS 2 (Sub-

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

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Verification notes

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised