Overview
Alrajhi and Idriss measured metals released into boiled water from 46 imported aluminium cookware items purchased in Riyadh. The study is direct cookware migration evidence, with ten elements measured by ICP-OES after boiling distilled water in the pots. The authors reported the overall release order as Mn > aluminum (Al) > lead (Pb) = arsenic (As) > Fe > Zn > Cu = nickel (Ni) = cadmium (Cd) > chromium (Cr).
Key numbers
| Finding | Source-reported value |
|---|---|
| Samples | 46 imported metallic aluminium cookware items |
| Leaching condition | 0.9 L distilled water boiled for 30 min at 100 degrees C; 15 mL remaining water analyzed |
| Metals | Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, As, Zn, Ni, Al, Cd, Pb |
| cadmium (Cd) detection | Detected in 10.86 percent of samples |
| chromium (Cr) range | 0.001 to 0.017 mg/L; average 0.002 mg/L |
| Fe range | 0.002 to 0.574 mg/L; average 0.057 mg/L |
| Cu range | 0.001 to 0.175 mg/L; average 0.014 mg/L |
| nickel (Ni) range | 0.002 to 0.213 mg/L; average 0.007 mg/L |
| lead (Pb) range visible in Table II | 0.099 to 0.184 mg/L among detected samples |
| arsenic (As) range visible in Table II | 0.012 to 0.164 mg/L among detected samples |
| aluminum (Al) range visible in Table II | 0.010 to 1.910 mg/L among reported rows |
Methods (brief)
The authors washed aluminium cookware, boiled distilled water in each item for 30 minutes at 100 degrees C, and analyzed an aliquot of the remaining water by ICP-OES. Method detection limits included Cr 0.001 mg/L, Cu 0.001 mg/L, Zn 0.0001 mg/L, Fe 0.002 mg/L, Mn 0.0001 mg/L, Cd 0.0001 mg/L, Al 0.001 mg/L, Ni 0.001 mg/L, Pb 0.004 mg/L, and As 0.01 mg/L.
This is water-leachate migration evidence from cookware rather than food concentration evidence.
Implications
For cookware and metal-utensil pages, this source provides Saudi-market migration data for imported aluminium cookware. The detected Pb and As ranges in boiled water are relevant to product-contact risk and to comparison against other cookware migration studies.
Related evidence
- Metal utensils
- Metal and alloy cookware (cast iron, stainless steel, aluminum)
- Aluminum
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Arsenic, Total
- Nickel
- Chromium
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.