There is a growing global concern for the environmental and health hazards posed by heavy metal contaminants, espe-

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• taminated water (1300 ppm). The plants used in this study include Mustard Green (Brassica juncea), Spinach (Spinacea
• toes (84%) > Bitter Leaf (61%). The study concludes that liquid substrates such as the supernatants from pureed edible
• global problem (1-5). A wide range of human activities
• tion technique has shown promise in the mitigation of from a local garden. Each leafy vegetable (100 g) was
• bons (30). However, the technologies for heavy metal wipes. The 100 g of each vegetable was respectively pu-
• above, 100 g of each fruity vegetable was pureed, filtered
• 2.2. Preparation of 650 ppm of Lead Nitrate
• To 25 ml of the 1300 ppm lead nitrate solution prepared ml centrifuge tubes in 25 ml portions, respectively. The
• 1300 ppm lead solution, respectively. The resulting solu- 2.7. Preparation of Carrot Supernatant
• lead nitrate solution (1300 ppm) prepared above. The LAC).
• containing the 1300 ppm lead solution and its two-fold 4.2. Sample Analysis for Lead after Reaction
• was treated with leafy vegetable supernatants for 24 hrs
• 25 ml of the lead nitrate solution (1300 ppm) prepared ble 1 and Figures 1(a) and 1(b) showed that the super-
• Into the triplicate centrifuge tubes containing 25 ml of while Red Bell Pepper and Tomatoes only removed 90%
• the carrot supernatants were respectively added 25 ml of and 83% of the lead, respectively. Thus, all vegetables
• the lead nitrate solution (1300 ppm) prepared above. The were able to remove 90% of the lead except Bitter Leaf
• 4. Sample Preparation and Analysis water while lime removed only 57.6% of the lead. Fur-
• After 24 hrs, the shaker was stopped and the tubes and by supernatants from acidic vegetables and fruits (Bitter
• Table 1. Residual & removed lead in contaminated water after treatment with leafy vegetables.
• (50% Pb Ctrluted Pb) 710 5.03 2.91 0
• Figure 1. (a) Lead concentration remaining after contaminated water was treated with leafy vegetables; (b) Percent lead re-
• moved after contaminated water was treated with leafy vegetable supernatants for 24 hr.
• Table 2. Residual & removed lead in contaminated water after treatment with fruity & root vegetables.
• (50% Pb Ctrluted Pb) 710 5.03 2.91 0
• Figure 2. (a) Lead concentration remaining after contaminated water was treated with fruity vegetable; (b) Percent lead re-
• Table 3. Residual & removed lead in contaminated water after treatment with fruits.
• 50% Diluted Pb Ctrl 710 5.03 2.91 0
• Thus, the order of lead removal is Collard Green (99.8%) The percent of lead removed by the supernatants is

• Spinach (98.8%) > Mustard Green (98%) ~ Carrot based on the initial lead concentration assumed to be

• (98%) ~ Green Bell Pepper (97.6%) ~ Yellow Bell Pep- 1277 ppm. Although we set out to prepare 1300 ppm of
• the control after 24 hrs was 1276.66 ppm. 1654. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500130061033
• percent lead removal is Collard Green (99.8%) > Spinach doi:10.1006/eesa.2000.2001
• (97.8%) > Yellow Bell Pepper (97.75%) > White Grape Cherry, “The Formation and Potential Importance of Ce-

Methods (brief)

• Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results suggest that the order of lead removal
• containing the 1300 ppm lead solution and its two-fold 4.2. Sample Analysis for Lead after Reaction
• Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)).
• 4. Sample Preparation and Analysis water while lime removed only 57.6% of the lead. Fur-
• 4.1. Sample Preparation
• Sample (Pb) in ppm Std. Dev. Std. Err. % Lead Removed
• Sample (Pb) in ppm Std. Dev. Std. Err. % Lead Removed
• Sample (Pb) in ppm Std. Dev. Std. Err. % Lead Removed
• per (97.5%) > White Grape (96%) > Red Bell Pepper lead stock solution; however, the average ICP result of
• sity LAMP Program for sample analysis, Victor Ogburie USDA of 1983 Workshop on Utilization of Municipal

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Root-Vegetable Purees
• Baby Wipes
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.