Lip products (lipstick, gloss, lip liner, adult lip balm)
HMTc Category 13 (Cosmetics — Leave-on), Row 8 — Lip products. Un-retired and re-homed under the v2.2 reorganization (category-7-dissolution-step0-event, 2026-06-09). Adult lip products (lipstick, gloss, liner, balm) are a documented Pb/Cd/Cr/Al cosmetic platform with an incidental-ingestion pathway — lip products are partly ingested during wear, so they straddle the dermal and oral routes. The 19 routed sources (Li 2021, Attard 2022, and others) were homeless while Cat 13 lacked a lip row; this is now their home. Children’s lip balm remains in Cat 2 (Rows 15/16).
Who this page is for
Pending. The brand-legal, retailer-compliance, HMTc-internal, and regulator audiences are listed in OPERATING.md Part 2; this section will frame what each is looking for on this page.
Methodology
Pending. This section will state the speciation, basis-preservation, row-fit, and pooling rules from CLAUDE.md Part 6 that govern downstream sections of this page.
Literature Evidence Summary
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-hmtc-evidence-summaries.mjs once sources route and the pooling engine emits aggregate rows for this product category.
Source Evidence Inventory
Hand-curated section. Populated by the synthesis pass as sources contribute.
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-broad-context.mjs once broad-scope sources route to this page.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending: regenerated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once applicable_regulations are identified and field-finding evidence is pooled.
Levers to reduce contamination
Pending: regenerated by the synthesis pass once lip-product sources pool. Adult lip products carry a documented Pb/Cd/Cr/Al cosmetic platform; FDA lip-cosmetic Pb survey/guidance and California Prop 65 lip-cosmetic actions are the regulatory anchors. Per CLAUDE.md Part 12, individual brand recall actions are not enumerated here.
How standards math uses this page
The percentile arithmetic that informs HMTc thresholds for this product category lives on the staff Standards Workbench (data/workbench/standards/<this-slug>.md). This public page reports literature evidence; the workbench applies the methodology in CLAUDE.md Part 19. The gap between literature evidence and HMTc thresholds is named honestly on the workbench, not hidden.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Pending: regenerated by the synthesis pass once lip-product sources pool. Adult lip products carry a documented Pb/Cd/Cr/Al cosmetic platform; FDA lip-cosmetic Pb survey/guidance and California Prop 65 lip-cosmetic actions are the regulatory anchors. Per CLAUDE.md Part 12, individual brand recall actions are not enumerated here.
Sources
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yorgwara et al. 2026. Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Some Selected Cosmetic Products and Human Health Risk in Eleme LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria, Research Journal of Pure Science and Technology 9(2):20-37 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg, Co occurrence in Twenty-six cosmetic and personal-care products purchased from cosmetic stores and markets in Eleme LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria, grouped… (n=26) |
| 2 | Alblooshi 2025. The impact of perfumes and cosmetic products on human health: a narrative review, Frontiers in Toxicology 7:1646075 (Frontiers in Toxicology; published 29 August 2025; corrected 16 December 2025) | 2025 | Review | US/EU/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Single-author narrative review compiling peer-reviewed literature published 2005–2025 on health impacts of perfumes and cosmetic products. Sources drawn… |
| 3 | Jităreanu et al. 2025. An Overview of Heavy Metals in Cosmetic Products and Their Toxicological Impact, Applied Sciences 15: 12883 | 2025 | Review | EU/US/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, iAs, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co occurrence in Narrative review of heavy-metal contamination in cosmetics; literature 1990 - November 2025 retrieved via PubMed, Web of Science,… |
| 4 | Kicińska et al. 2025. Health risks from heavy metals in cosmetic products available in the online consumer market, Scientific Reports 15: 316 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU/US Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in 23 cosmetic products purchased from the online consumer market: 4 foundations, 4 blushes, 4 lipsticks, 4 face creams,… (n=23) |
| 5 | Moriceau et al. 2025. Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note 003602 | 2025 | Industry | EU/FR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Be, Se, Tl, Ti, W, Pt occurrence in 17 finished cosmetic products sold on the French and European market (creams, gels, pastes, liquids, varnishes, solids) plus… (n=27) |
| 6 | Ali et al. 2024. The Health Risk Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Some Commonly Demand Facial Cosmetics in Benghazi-Libya Markets During 2022, Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry 6(2):127-136 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd occurrence in Eighteen facial cosmetic products sold in Benghazi, Libya cosmetic shops in 2022: six lipsticks, six mascaras, and six… (n=18) |
| 7 | Kopru et al. 2024. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection of trace metal contents of children cosmetics, Optical and Quantum Electronics 56(8):399 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/US/CA Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirty cosmetic products purchased from local markets in Turkey, marketed as children’s cosmetics and sold within three different… (n=30) |
| 8 | Washington State Department of 2024. Policy Statement: Interim Policy on Lead in Cosmetics — enforcement discretion under the Washington Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act (Chapter 70A.560 RCW), Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 24-04-036 (issued December 19, 2024; minor revisions and clarifications January 15, 2025) | 2024 | Government report | US-WA Pb occurrence in Regulatory enforcement-discretion policy issued by the Washington State Department of Ecology under authority of the Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act… |
| 9 | Dauda et al. 2023. Harmful effects of heavy metals in cosmetics, World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG tHg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Three lipsticks, three fairness creams, three lip balms, and three anti-aging creams purchased from local markets in Kafanchan,… (n=12) |
| 10 | Medley et al. 2023. Usage of Children’s Makeup and Body Products in the United States and Implications for Childhood Environmental Exposures, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(3): 2114 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | This Columbia/Earthjustice mixed-methods survey of 207 US parents/guardians (reporting on 312 children ≤12 years) characterizes the use, frequency, duration, and… |
| 11 | Almukainzi et al. 2022. Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations, Scientific Reports 12:18299 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | SA/US/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co occurrence in Twenty-one topical cosmetic products purchased from local markets and drug stores in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Product selection was… (n=21) |
| 12 | Attard et al. 2022. Heavy Metals in Cosmetics, Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals (IntechOpen book chapter) | 2022 | Review | US/EU/WHO Pb, Cd, Ni, tHg, tAs occurrence in Narrative review with multivariate meta-analysis across 16 cosmetic formulation categories drawn from the published literature on Pb, Cd,… |
| 13 | Li et al. 2021. Trace Metal Lead Exposure in Typical Lip Cosmetics From Electronic Commercial Platform: Investigation, Health Risk Assessment and Blood Lead Level Analysis, Frontiers in Public Health 9:766984 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb occurrence in 34 best-selling lip cosmetics (12 lipsticks, 13 lip glosses, 9 lip balms) sold on JingDong (one of the… (n=34) |
| 14 | Arshad et al. 2020. Evaluation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and their health risk assessment, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 28(2020):779-790 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb occurrence in 189 cosmetic samples (63 unique brands × 3 triplicates) from local community markets in Abbottabad, Haripur, and Mansehra,… (n=189) |
| 15 | BfR 2020. FAQs about aluminium in food and products intended for consumers, BfR FAQ of 20 July 2020 | 2020 | Government report | DE/EU Al occurrence in null |
| 16 | Zafarzadeh et al. 2018. Assessment of cadmium and lead concentrations in different types of cosmetics products consumed in Iran, National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8(8):1200-1204 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR/CN/TR Cd, Pb occurrence in 264 cosmetic products purchased from shops in Gorgan, Iran from September 2016 to March 2017: 24 samples each… (n=264) |
| 17 | Zakaria et al. 2015. Heavy metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | MY/US/KR Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Fifteen lipstick products selected from the five most popular products in each of three price categories among surveyed… (n=15) |
| 18 | Hepp et al. 2014. Survey of cosmetics for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and nickel content, Journal of Cosmetic Science 65: 125-145 (May/June 2014) | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, tHg, Ni occurrence in 150 cosmetic products of 12 types sold on the U.S. market, purchased April 22 - August 16, 2011… (n=150) |
| 19 | Sahu et al. 2014. Heavy Metals in Cosmetics, Centre for Science and Environment Pollution Monitoring Laboratory report PML/PR-45/2014 | 2014 | Nonprofit | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Seventy-three cosmetic products purchased from markets in Delhi: 30 lipsticks, 8 lip balms, and 3 anti-ageing creams tested… (n=73) |
| 20 | Nourmoradi et al. 2013. Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Levels in Frequently Used Cosmetic Products in Iran, Journal of Environmental and Public Health (Hindawi), Article ID 962727, 5 pages | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Fifty cosmetic samples purchased from large cosmetic stores in Isfahan, Iran: 35 lipsticks (5 colors — orange, black… (n=50) |
| 21 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition — Chapter 17, Consumer Products, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/R-09/052F | 2011 | Government report | Chapter 17 of the U.S. EPA’s 2011 Exposure Factors Handbook (EFH) compiles consumer-product use and exposure data — frequency of… |
| 22 | Cosmetics 2007. A Poison Kiss: The Problem of Lead in Lipstick, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics report | 2007 | Nonprofit | US Pb occurrence in Thirty-three unopened red lipsticks purchased in August 2007 from retail stores in Boston, Hartford, Minneapolis, and San Francisco… (n=33) |
| 23 | European Chemical Industry Ecology 1992. Nickel, Cobalt and Chromium in Consumer Products: Allergic Contact Dermatitis, ECETOC Technical Report No. 45, Brussels, March 1992 (ISSN 0773-8072-45) | 1992 | Industry | EU/US/IL Ni, Co, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Literature-review compilation of nickel, cobalt and chromium concentrations measured in consumer products by 28 published studies (1956-1990) and… |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |