Pumpkin pie in the HMI library has 11 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium and uranium from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel and chromium and others, in 11 results from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the pumpkin pie was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
Pumpkin pie overview
Pumpkin pie in the HMI library has 11 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium and uranium from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in pumpkin pie, as sold from 19 results in 1 reporting region, with subgroup medians below 10 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → In the US Total Diet Study, pumpkin pie, frozen had a median lead result of 4.5 µg/kg across 3 composites from 2018–2020.2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →
Spungen et al. 2024 reported lead at 5.3 µg/kg (mean) and cadmium at 7.7 µg/kg (mean) in pumpkin pie, frozen from all samples.3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the pumpkin pie came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.
What counts as pumpkin pie
This page covers pumpkin pie in 2 forms kept separate in every comparison: pumpkin pie, frozen (9 results) and pumpkin pie, as sold (2 results).1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.
Heavy metal contamination profile of pumpkin pie
The table holds every extracted pumpkin pie result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 11 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
1 row can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.
Comparison methods and scope
Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of pumpkin pie, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.
First displayed analyte: Lead: 3 findings from 3 sources. Each row retains its statistic and measurement basis.
Filter findings
11 of 11 findings · 7 analytes
About this table
| Food form | Collection scope | Finding (µg/kg) | Comparison | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenSpungen et al. 2024 | all samples2018–2020 | mean. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2013–2017 | median. | ||
2 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenSpungen et al. 2024 | all samples2018–2020 | mean. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2011–2017 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Pumpkin pie, frozenFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
Shared dataset methods and interpretation
Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.
HMI pumpkin pie Pb reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Pb reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 4.2 | 4.5 | 7.3 |
| Alternative weighting | 4.2 | 4.5 | 7.3 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-4079c3ca0295:9393db6c05ab
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie Pb reference · Pumpkin pie, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Pb reference · Pumpkin pie, as sold. Pumpkin pie, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤3.5 | ≤10 | ≤3000 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤3.5 | ≤10 | ≤3000 |
5 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 5 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, as sold on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-dd0ade412243:51ebab49d45c
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie Cd reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Cd reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 6.9 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
| Alternative weighting | 6.9 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-e6a578187606:c7da775b24c8
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie Cd reference · Pumpkin pie, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Cd reference · Pumpkin pie, as sold. Pumpkin pie, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Alternative weighting | 5 | 5 | 6 |
7 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 7 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, as sold on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-fc22fec3508b:15fe6e496e89
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie tAs reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie tAs reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤3 | ≤3 | 3.1 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤3 | ≤3 | 3.1 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-fd465b92c268:ef14b892dfc9
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie tHg reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie tHg reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-bfe46af7b208:ea0bc8c2e963
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie Ni reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Ni reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 65 | 72 | 79 |
| Alternative weighting | 65 | 72 | 79 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-725edbdf1466:5211977a4299
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie Cr reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie Cr reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤50 | ≤50 | 50 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤50 | ≤50 | 50 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-47f726ab4166:2d2b77c8de68
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI pumpkin pie U reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI pumpkin pie U reference · Pumpkin pie, frozen. Pumpkin pie, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for pumpkin pie, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for pumpkin pie, frozen on this basis in the completed pumpkin pie ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:pumpkin-pie-16d78a2eb44f:22933dc9c218
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
The result is below a reporting limit, and the range from zero to that limit crosses more than one band.
The HMI reference for this form has fewer than four units or no measurable spread, below the display minimum.
No findings match these filters. Change the selection or reset to show all source findings.
How metals reach pumpkin pie
No study in the library compared pumpkin pie from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.
Which forms and regions measured lower
The HMI reference for lead in pumpkin pie, as sold pools 5 subgroup units from 1 sampling family, with a median of below 10 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 3.5 (lower quartile) and below 3,000 µg/kg (upper quartile).1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → For cadmium in pumpkin pie, as sold, the reference median was 5 µg/kg, with a middle half from 5 to 6 µg/kg across 7 units.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
Processing, cooking and preparation
No study in the library measured the same pumpkin pie before and after washing, peeling, drying or cooking for metals, so no processing effect can be stated. Heat does not destroy metals; cooking or drying changes a concentration by moving water or metal, not by removing the element.
Mitigation for pumpkin pie
No control for metals in pumpkin pie was measured in the library; lot testing against the applicable limit remains the verifiable step.
No study in this library has yet measured a way to lower heavy metals in pumpkin pie; the results above show the levels measured, and lot testing against the applicable limit remains the verifiable check.
Trade-offs and limits of controls
Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.
Testing pumpkin pie for metals
Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 4 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 3,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source → Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 1 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →
A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.
Buying and verifying pumpkin pie
No maximum level for metals in pumpkin pie was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.
Exposure from pumpkin pie
No source in the library converted pumpkin pie concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.
Evidence review and remaining gaps
Every source record that names pumpkin pie was decided on its content: 3 occurrence extracted, 3 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.
References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.
Pumpkin pie FAQs
What heavy metals are found in pumpkin pie?
The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium and uranium in pumpkin pie, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in pumpkin pie, as sold from 19 results in 1 reporting region, with subgroup medians below 10 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
References
Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.
- GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsDataset
- FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsDataset
- Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Peer-reviewed
Sources
Browse Pumpkin pie Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.
Update history
22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every pumpkin pie record in the library: 3 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.