Manual-fetch ingest progress — June 8 Inorganic Arsenic Seaweed
Folder: raw/Manual Fetch Kimi /June 8 Inorganic Arsenic Seaweed/
Date: 2026-06-08 (updated through 10/67)
Session: Claude Code (Opus 4.8), interactive, driven via a self-paced /loop of ingest-next-manual-fetch-pdf
Purpose: populate HMTc Category 6 (Seafood) Row 5 seaweed-kelp-foods (iAs/tAs/Cd platform) for standards-setting.
Folder inventory
68 PDFs; 67 unique papers (one in-folder duplicate: …fct.2011.11.024.pdf and …(1).pdf). One likely corpus duplicate to verify on reach: llorente-mirandes2016.pdf ↔ existing llorente-mirandes2016-ias-food-analytical-review.
Completed: 10 of 67 — all routed direct_evidence → seaweed-kelp-foods, all audited (fresh-context subagent per page)
| # | cite_key | tier | type | headline (dry-weight basis) | audit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | almela2002-algae-food-arsenic-metals | A | occurrence | 18 algae food products (ES); tAs+iAs+Pb+Cd+Hg; hijiki iAs 83–88 mg/kg | PROMOTE |
| 2 | rose2007-seaweed-arsenic-forms-uk | A | occurrence | UK FSA; iAs hijiki-only 67–96 mg/kg; n=31; as-sold/prepared/water | revised |
| 3 | fsanz2012-seaweed-inorganic-arsenic-au | A | gov-survey | FSANZ; iAs dried; hijiki 7.80 mg/kg sole ML exceedance; n=38 | PROMOTE |
| 4 | ronan2017-laminaria-ascophyllum-ias-ireland | A | occurrence/speciation | kelp L. digitata iAs 2.2–87 mg/kg (>50% of tAs); A. nodosum iAs <1% | revised |
| 5 | taylor2016-new-england-seaweed-arsenic | A | occurrence/speciation | 20 NE-US species; L. digitata iAs 2.8–20.4 mg/kg; others <1 mg/kg | revised |
| 6 | llorente-mirandes2011-commercial-seaweed-arsenic | A | occurrence/speciation | 6 ES products; iAs <LOD in kombu (L. ochroleuca/saccharina) + nori | revised |
| 7 | camurati2019-edible-macroalgae-arsenic-review | B | review | corroborates iAs rarely >1 mg/kg except hijiki + L. digitata; legislation | revised |
| 8 | narukawa2020-hijiki-crm-arsenosugars-interlab | A | CRM/metrology | hijiki iAs(as As(V)) 10.1 (CRM 7405-a) / 24.4 mg/kg (candidate); EF-3 flag | PROMOTE |
| 9 | lynch2014-inorganic-arsenic-food-review | B | meta-analysis | seaweed inAs mean 11,000 µg/kg (n=312); NOT poolable (aggregate) | revised |
| 10 | luvonga2020-organoarsenicals-marine-methods-review | B | methods review | speciation methods; total As inadequate; seaweed extraction caveats | revised |
Emerging row finding (for the standards / synthesis pass)
Across primary occurrence sources from Spain, UK, Australia/NZ, Ireland, and the US, the row’s structure is consistent and well-supported: inorganic arsenic in seaweed is generally <1 mg/kg dw, with two high-iAs exceptions — hijiki (Hizikia/Sargassum fusiforme) and the kelp Laminaria digitata. The kombu-marketed kelps L. ochroleuca / L. saccharina (Saccharina) ran iAs-below-detection (Llorente-Mirandes 2011), so the high-iAs concern is species-specific, not generic to “kombu.” This directly supports the within-row hijiki/Laminaria clean/dirty sub-treatment flagged in docs/governance/category-6-step0-lock.md.
Pooling guidance recorded on the pages
- Poolable market-occurrence primaries so far: almela2002, rose2007, fsanz2012, ronan2017, taylor2016, llorente-mirandes2011 (all dry, as-sold basis).
- NOT poolable (flagged on-page): narukawa2020 (reference materials, EF-3), lynch2014 (meta-analysis aggregate — would double-count), camurati2019 & luvonga2020 (reviews, no primary data).
Remaining (~57)
Priority occurrence/speciation still to do: hata2014 (hijiki), the recent ones (s12403-025-00708-1, s00216-024-05250-8, molecules-29-01348, 1-s2.0-S0147651325007936), Survey of inorganic arsenic in seaweed (done = fsanz), the EFSA 2021 iAs opinion (large, A-tier exposure anchor), Knowledgeupdateonmacroalgaefoodandfeedsafety2020, Arsenic in Marine Macroalgae Booklet v2. Method-development papers (chroma/aca/mcsheehy/nischwitz/vanhulle/vanelteren/ichikawa/shimoda). Mechanism/uptake (effects-of-dietary-intake-of-arsenosugars, Neff_1997, bolan2017, bhattacharya2016). Matrix-fit check before ingest: Heavy-metal-accumulation…seagrass (seagrass ≠ macroalgae), Characteristics…organotin (Sn focus), water-16-00005. Likely scanned/OCR: morita1990, yamaoka1986, stoeppler1986, toxic_elements_Pacin.
Next gate after ingest (to ship the Cat 6 seaweed standard)
Occurrence-extraction → pooling per docs/tasks/cat6-7-occurrence-extraction.md, scoped to row_slug = seaweed-kelp-foods, using ONLY the poolable primaries above. Result → data/evidence/hmtc_aggregate_distributions.csv (P97, cap, final, rationale). The occurrence core is already strong enough to run a preliminary seaweed P97 if desired, while the loop drains the remainder.
Live tracker
Authoritative per-paper status is in data/evidence/audit-queue.csv (one row per cite_key); git log has one ingest commit + one audit/queue commit per paper.