Face Paint
Source-grounded narrative on this page is populated incrementally from the routed source pages per CLAUDE.md Part 9; the evidence-summary table is regenerated by the source-routing layer as sources accumulate.
Who this page is for
This stub will be developed for the brand-legal, retailer-compliance, HMTc-internal, and regulator audiences per OPERATING.md Part 2. Until evidence is synthesized, the page exists primarily as a routing target so the corpus’s references to this product category resolve to a defined location.
Methodology
This page will report literature evidence per CLAUDE.md Part 6’s product-category-page template. Speciation is non-substitutable (iAs vs tAs, Cr-VI vs total Cr, MeHg vs tHg); basis is preserved and labeled; non-detect handling follows the source’s own convention; pooling avoided across LOQ, period, geography, and analytical-basis differences. Percentile-selection arithmetic does not appear on this public page (CLAUDE.md Part 2 firewall); it lives on the staff Standards Workbench.
Literature Evidence Summary
Literature Evidence Summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in Face Paint. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation; pooling, percentile selection, and threshold math sit in the staff Standards Workbench rather than this public page.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | Face Paint (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cd | Face Paint (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| tAs | Face Paint (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
Source Evidence Inventory
Hand-curated section. Populated by the synthesis pass as sources contribute.
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-broad-context.mjs once broad-scope sources route to this page.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending: regenerated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once applicable_regulations are identified and field-finding evidence is pooled.
Levers to reduce contamination
Pending: populated by the synthesis pass when ingredient-level mitigation evidence is sufficient. Cross-links to relevant mitigation/ pages and the contributing ingredients’ Mitigation options sections.
How standards math uses this page
The percentile arithmetic that informs HMTc thresholds lives in data/workbench/standards/face-paint.md (the staff snapshot). This public page reports literature evidence; the staff workbench applies the methodology in CLAUDE.md Part 19 to produce candidate threshold values. The gap between literature-baseline and HMTc threshold is named honestly on the workbench, not hidden.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Public-record regulatory events for this product category will be summarized here as the synthesis pass identifies them. Per CLAUDE.md Part 12, recalls are framed as regulatory events, not brand rankings.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alblooshi 2025. The impact of perfumes and cosmetic products on human health: a narrative review, Frontiers in Toxicology 7:1646075 (Frontiers in Toxicology; published 29 August 2025; corrected 16 December 2025) | 2025 | Review | US/EU/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Single-author narrative review compiling peer-reviewed literature published 2005–2025 on health impacts of perfumes and cosmetic products. Sources drawn… |
| 2 | Jităreanu et al. 2025. An Overview of Heavy Metals in Cosmetic Products and Their Toxicological Impact, Applied Sciences 15: 12883 | 2025 | Review | EU/US/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, iAs, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co occurrence in Narrative review of heavy-metal contamination in cosmetics; literature 1990 - November 2025 retrieved via PubMed, Web of Science,… |
| 3 | (OECD) 2024. Considerations when Estimating Exposure to Crafts and Toys in Children (OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 401), OECD Publishing, Paris (Series on Testing and Assessment No. 401) | 2024 | Government report | This OECD Working Party on Exposure Assessment (WPEA) document compiles parameters and algorithms for estimating children’s chemical exposure via dermal,… |
| 4 | Washington State Department of 2024. Policy Statement: Interim Policy on Lead in Cosmetics — enforcement discretion under the Washington Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act (Chapter 70A.560 RCW), Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 24-04-036 (issued December 19, 2024; minor revisions and clarifications January 15, 2025) | 2024 | Government report | US-WA Pb occurrence in Regulatory enforcement-discretion policy issued by the Washington State Department of Ecology under authority of the Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act… |
| 5 | Medley et al. 2023. Usage of Children’s Makeup and Body Products in the United States and Implications for Childhood Environmental Exposures, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(3): 2114 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | This Columbia/Earthjustice mixed-methods survey of 207 US parents/guardians (reporting on 312 children ≤12 years) characterizes the use, frequency, duration, and… |
| 6 | Salles et al. 2023. Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:531 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR/US Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn occurrence in 95 samples of face paints (n=90) and pancakes (n=5) purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in São… (n=95) |
| 7 | Attard et al. 2022. Heavy Metals in Cosmetics, Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals (IntechOpen book chapter) | 2022 | Review | US/EU/WHO Pb, Cd, Ni, tHg, tAs occurrence in Multi-variate meta-analysis of published studies covering 16 cosmetic formulation categories |
| 8 | Stone 2021. Metals in Children’s and Consumer Products and Packaging, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 14-04-014 (Revised June 2021) | 2021 | Regulatory | US Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in 150 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled from 101 children’s products purchased from local Washington stores… (n=150) |
| 9 | Trumbull et al. 2017. Children’s Seasonal Products Report 2014-2015, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 16-04-029 (January 2017) | 2017 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Pb, tHg, Mo occurrence in 189 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled (by XRF prioritisation) from 6,878 individual components separated from… (n=189) |
| 10 | Engel et al. 2016. Pretty Scary 2: Unmasking Toxic Chemicals in Kids’ Makeup, Breast Cancer Fund; Campaign for Safe Cosmetics (October 2016) | 2016 | Nonprofit | US Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg occurrence in 48 individual face-paint colors from 14 Halloween face-paint kits ordered from an online Halloween retailer in 2016 and… (n=48) |
| 11 | Hepp et al. 2014. Survey of cosmetics for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and nickel content, Journal of Cosmetic Science 65: 125-145 (May/June 2014) | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, tHg, Ni occurrence in 150 cosmetic products of 12 types sold on the U.S. market, purchased April 22 - August 16, 2011… (n=150) |
| 12 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Parabens and Metals in Children’s Cosmetic and Personal Care Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 12-07-021 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in Planning document only; no samples analysed within this QAPP. The QAPP scopes a planned procurement of approximately 200… |
| 13 | Sarantis et al. 2009. Pretty Scary: Could Halloween Face Paint Cause Lifelong Health Problems? A Report on Heavy Metals in Face Paints, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics; Breast Cancer Fund; Commonwealth (October 2009) | 2009 | Nonprofit | US Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, tAs, tHg occurrence in 10 children’s face paint and theater makeup products purchased through Amazon.com (shipped by a variety of distribution companies)… (n=10) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |