Overview
Above-ground non-leafy vegetables: tomatoes (fresh, not canned), peppers, squash, zucchini, eggplant, cucumber, green beans, peas, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, asparagus, corn-on-the-cob, mushrooms. No within-row split per Cat 4 lock. Canned tomato Pb migration from lid solder is a Step 0E watch item; may sub-stratify canned vs fresh in Step 1.
This page is a Step 0 lock scaffold for Cat 4 Row 6. Literature evidence will be populated as routed source pages accumulate per the synthesis workflow. The Step 0 lock document at Category4_Step_0_Output_LOCKED.md is the canonical reference for the row’s clean-vs-contaminated framing and platform attribution.
Who this page is for
Brand legal teams evaluating HMT&C certification for the Non-Root Vegetables row need to know what the cited literature reports per panel metal, what the applicable regulatory caps are, and how this row relates to its clean-contaminated pair (when applicable). Retailer compliance teams stocking the produce, dried-goods, and snack aisles need the row-level assortment-eligibility view. HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetalcertified.com, not on this page.
Evidence summary
Evidence summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in non-root vegetable product. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation. This page publishes literature evidence only, not certification thresholds.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | non-root vegetable (summary-only / supporting context) | mean 5.6 to 18500 ppb (3 sources); highest reported 18500 ppb | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 3 cited | medium (3 sources) | as-consumed |
| Cd | non-root vegetable (summary-only / supporting context) | mean 11 to 18.5 ppb (2 sources); highest reported 770.1 ppb | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 3 cited | medium (3 sources) | as-consumed |
| tAs | non-root vegetable (summary-only / supporting context) | mean 14 ppb (1 source); highest reported 240 ppb | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 1 cited | low (1-2 sources) | as-consumed |
Source Evidence Inventory
_Hand-curated section. Populated by the synthesis pass as Cat 4 sources route to this row. Initial scaffold state: zero contributing sources. The Cat 4 corpus search prioritizes sources reporting concentration data on the specific commodity in this row; broad-scope produce surveys are filed under the master.
Supporting evidence and scope
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-broad-context.mjs once broad-scope Cat 4 sources route to this page.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending. Cat 4 regulatory landscape: Codex GSCTFF and EU Regulation 2023/915 set finished-product limits on fruits and vegetables (Pb, Cd) and on specific commodities (e.g., spinach Cd at 0.20 mg/kg per eu-2023-915); FDA Closer-to-Zero applies to infant fruit purées (Cat 1, not Cat 4) but informs the regulatory baseline; California Prop 65 covers cumulative Pb/Cd exposure across produce categories. Awaiting agency-page ingest.
Controls and mitigation
The Cat 4 Step 0 lock framework distinguishes lower-contamination row produce/seed rows from contaminated-platform commodity rows (where species or production system carries elevated metal load by characteristic). For this row, the levers below are ordered by impact magnitude per the literature evidence base; sourcing-and-agronomic levers dominate the per-product metal load, with processing-and-formulation levers offering additional reduction.
- Sourcing levers: origin region, supplier specification, soil-Cd or paddy-iAs pre-screening for at-risk commodities.
- Agronomic levers: soil amendments, water management, cultivar selection.
- Processing levers where applicable: washing, peeling, blanching for fresh-cut and frozen formats; refining for derivative products.
- Formulation levers: where the row contains multi-ingredient formats, reducing the platform-commodity fraction.
- Testing/QC levers: lot-level ICP-MS on raw commodity and finished product.
- Regulatory levers.
How standards math uses this page
This page reports what the peer-reviewed and government literature says about heavy-metal concentrations in this product category; it publishes no certification thresholds of its own. Certification criteria are set separately under the Heavy Metal Tested & Certified program at heavymetalcertified.com, which reads this page as its literature baseline. The two are kept apart by design, so this page remains an independent record of the evidence rather than a justification for any threshold.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Cat 4 (produce, nuts, seeds) regulatory enforcement intersects two domains: heavy-metal contamination (the focus of this row) and microbial contamination (FDA recall notices for E. coli/Salmonella/Listeria in fresh produce, a separate concern). FDA Total Diet Study and Pesticide Data Program surveillance reports establish the heavy-metal occurrence baseline (FDA 2022). State-level Cd-in-leafy-greens enforcement has been active in California under Prop 65; the related Mateel Environmental settlement framework has shaped compliance practice. Individual brand recall actions are not enumerated here.
Additional geographic and remediation evidence
Bayan Rashid Rahim, 2023. Rahim measured lead, cadmium, iron and copper in dried edible broccoli and cauliflower heads grown under three irrigation regimes in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. The tables preserve crop-specific differences: wastewater-irrigated broccoli had the largest listed values for the four metals, whereas cauliflower cadmium was greatest under alternating irrigation. The paired treatment summaries contribute source-native vegetable occurrence and irrigation-pathway evidence. The dried basis is not interchangeable with fresh vegetables. The experiment is site- and season-specific and does not characterize all river water, all Iraqi produce or long-term dietary exposure.
John Joseph, 2025. Joseph and colleagues measured seven metals in kenaf, chili pepper, tomato and spinach plant parts, with associated soil and irrigation water from Gobbiya Dam in Nigeria. The paper separates edible leaves or fruits from roots and stems. Its concentration tables are preserved independently of several inconsistent safety comparisons and a soil-index calculation that uses water standards. The organ-resolved dry-weight values support local occurrence and irrigation-pathway analysis. Roots, stems and non-edible leaves are retained as pathway context rather than assigned to edible-product distributions. Broad leafy-vegetable and herb/spice ingredient routes retain kenaf and chili identity in the structured record without substituting a named cultivar.
Shanshan Chen, 2024. Shanghai farm samples had lower reported lead and cadmium concentrations under hydroponic cultivation than conventional soil cultivation. The element-specific summaries combine four vegetables, while commodity-specific means combine lead with cadmium; neither split can be reconstructed into commodity-by-element concentrations from the preserved main paper. Supports a local cultivation-system comparison and the soil/irrigation pathway. It does not establish commodity-specific Pb or Cd distributions or universal hydroponic safety. Mixed-contaminant hazard indices include pesticides and phthalates; their interpretation remains source-reported. The mixed-vegetable summaries cannot be assigned to this category as category-specific metal concentrations.
Iosif Gergen, 2012. Gergen and Harmanescu analyze metal contamination patterns across two historic Romanian mining areas and a reference area. Their PCA study reproduces vegetable concentrations and male hazard quotients from the earlier Harmanescu 2011 study; these remain linked secondary observations rather than additional independent samples. Supports legacy mining and tissue/region differences. Parsley root and leaf remain distinct, as do carrot root and leaf. The fresh-matter food table is retained with cohort linkage so that a reanalysis cannot inflate the evidence pool. Source THQ rankings are model results, not clinical outcomes. The food observations reuse the Harmanescu 2011 cohort and must not be counted as independent samples.
Methodology
This page reports what the cited sources say about heavy-metal concentrations in the Non-Root Vegetables row. Speciation is non-substitutable (iAs vs tAs, MeHg vs tHg, Cr-VI vs total Cr). Basis is preserved (as-sold or as-consumed depending on the product form). Non-detect handling follows each source’s convention. Pooling avoided across LOD/LOQ, period, geography, and analytical-basis differences. HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetalcertified.com, not on this page; this public page reports literature evidence only.
Cat 4 lock empirical basis: Pass 2 occurrence-data extraction from the heavymetalindex.com wiki corpus (build claude/zealous-bhabha-d422c9, 896 source pages). The Step 0 lock document at Category4_Step_0_Output_LOCKED.md records the splitting decisions and platform attributions; this row inherits its scope from that document.
References
Works cited in this page’s text, in first-appearance order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.
- Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements DataGovernment
- Wastewater Irrigation and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetable Crops (Broccoli and Cauliflower)Peer-reviewed
- Assessment of the Level of Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water, Farm Soil, and Vegetables Grown in Gobbiya Dam, Bogoro Local Government Area Bauchi State, NigeriaPeer-reviewed
- Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pesticides, Phthalates, and Heavy Metal Residues in Vegetables from Hydroponic and Conventional CultivationPeer-reviewed
- Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasPeer-reviewed
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References above identify works cited in the text.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hossen et al. 2026. Assessment of heavy metal levels and associated health risks linked to vegetables grown in Noakhali region of Bangladesh, Environmental Health Insights | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | BD tAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu occurrence in Fifty-four samples from nine integrated farms in Noakhali, Bangladesh: nine vegetable samples and nine corresponding soil samples, each… (n=54) |
| 2 | Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. 2026. Trace Element Content in Tomato Fruit Grown with Sargassum-Based Biofertilizer, Agronomy | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr occurrence in Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) from greenhouse trials, Spain; biofertilizer vs. control treatment groups |
| 3 | CFIA 2025. Toxic metals in selected foods – April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2025 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations (n=470) |
| 4 | Emmanuel 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risks from Urban-Grown Vegetables in Kano State, Nigeria, ChemClass Journal | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cr occurrence in Vegetable and soil samples from urban agriculture sites in Wudil, Nomans-Land, and Sharada, Kano State, Nigeria, collected January-March… (n=64) |
| 5 | Joseph et al. 2025. Assessment of the Level of Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water, Farm Soil, and Vegetables Grown in Gobbiya Dam, Bogoro Local Government Area Bauchi State, Nigeria, Journal of Energy Technology and Environment 7(4):79–92 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni occurrence in Four vegetable species and associated soil/water at Gobbiya Dam, Bauchi State; n=3 replicate measurements, independent field sample count… |
| 6 | Jurkovic et al. 2025. Heavy Metals and Microbiological Assessment of the Soil-Plant System of Flooded Areas Applied on Chard (Beta vulgaris), ACS Omega | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | BA Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Soil, sludge, and chard samples from flooded and control areas in central Bosnia and Herzegovina after autumn 2024… (n=21) |
| 7 | Mohammadi et al. 2025. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in root and fruit vegetables in Iran using Monte Carlo simulation, Discover Sustainability | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Three carrot samples and three cucumber samples from each of seven cities or sampling points in Fars Province,… (n=42) |
| 8 | Chen et al. 2024. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pesticides, Phthalates, and Heavy Metal Residues in Vegetables from Hydroponic and Conventional Cultivation, Foods 13, 1151 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in Shanghai farms, 2022–2023: hydroponic/conventional lettuce 32/26, celery 15/20, tomato 20/22, cucumber 19/23; total 86/91. (n=177) |
| 9 | Wu 2024. Contamination of Heavy Metal(Loid)S in Cereals, Vegetables, and Legumes Purchased from Local Markets of Jiaozuo, China and The Associated Health Risk Assessment, International Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, 2(1): 180-200 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in 244 retail food samples purchased from 13 sampling points (6 supermarkets, 6 farmers’ markets, 1 wholesale market) across… (n=244) |
| 10 | Peinador 2023. Study of Heavy Metals and Methyl-Mercury in Fungi in Markets of Madrid, Spectroscopy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in 48 cultivated and wild edible mushroom samples purchased in local markets in Madrid, Spain, with wild samples supplied… (n=48) |
| 11 | Luc et al. 2023. Evaluation of the Metallic Contamination of Market Garden Products around the Loumbila Dam, Open Journal of Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BF Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb occurrence in Market-garden vegetables around Loumbila Dam, Burkina Faso |
| 12 | Bedoya-Perales et al. 2023. Dataset of metals and metalloids in food crops and soils sampled across the mining region of Moquegua in Peru, Scientific Data | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PE tAs, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn concentrations (n=341) |
| 13 | Fagbemi et al. 2023. Microbial Density and Diversity and Lead Loads in Selected Street-Hawked Foods in Akure Metropolis, Nigeria, IPS Journal of Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Seven street-hawked food types purchased from three busy road intersections and Oba market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. (n=7) |
| 14 | Kharkwal et al. 2023. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India, Food Science & Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Cooked beans and cooked vegetable preparations collected from 150 selected households across 30 urban and rural locations in… (n=150) |
| 15 | Martin-Leon et al. 2023. Evaluation of essential, toxic and potentially toxic elements in leafy vegetables grown in the Canary Islands, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES Cd, tAs, Pb, Al, Cr, Ni, V, Sr occurrence in Two hundred forty-four ready-to-eat leafy-vegetable samples from the Canary Islands, including spinach, watercress, chard, lettuces, arugula, and lamb’s… (n=244) |
| 16 | Rahim 2023. Wastewater Irrigation and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetable Crops (Broccoli and Cauliflower), Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 23(2):162–170 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu occurrence in Broccoli and cauliflower field experiment; three irrigation regimes and three replicate blocks per treatment, 2018–2019 |
| 17 | Doris et al. 2023. Determination of cadmium and lead in vegetables marketed in Quito, Ecuador, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EC Cd, Pb occurrence in Tomato, carrot, and lettuce samples marketed in Quito, Ecuador |
| 18 | Wang et al. 2023. Deterministic and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in the Daily Diets of Residents in Industrial Regions of Northern Ningxia, China, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Al, tAs, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb occurrence in 187 samples (36 drinking water + 151 food) from villages and towns in industrial regions of northern Ningxia,… (n=187) |
| 19 | Bora et al. 2022. Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, Romania, Horticulturae | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RO/EU tAs, Cd, Pb, Zn occurrence in 80 fruit and vegetable samples from Galați County, Romania (45 from vegetable/fruit market, 35 from amateur farmers), collected… (n=80) |
| 20 | Bramwell et al. 2022. Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | GB Pb occurrence in 43 adult urban-agriculture-site gardeners and 29 matched controls in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; environmental sampling included nearly 280… (n=72) |
| 21 | Diyarov et al. 2022. The effect of food processing on the content of heavy metals in vegetables, Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | KZ Zn, Pb, Mn, Cd, Cu occurrence in Carrot, potato, and onion samples subjected to different food-processing treatments |
| 22 | Kiczorowski et al. 2022. Effect of fermentation of chosen vegetables on the nutrient, mineral, and biocomponent profile in human and animal nutrition, Scientific Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Raw and fermented broccoli, carrot, cucumber, pepper, and red beet, four repetitions per vegetable combination (n=40) |
| 23 | Kumar et al. 2022. Lead (Pb) Contamination in Agricultural Products and Human Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 233:257 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb occurrence in Published Pb concentration data for commonly consumed agricultural foods and food products in Bangladesh. (n=Literature survey covering three cereals, five pulses, ten fruits, and 34 vegetables/other agricultural food items) |
| 24 | Mawari et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India, Environmental Health Insights | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in 24 frequently consumed crop types — 11 vegetables and 13 fruits/legumes — collected from farms near Solapur, an… (n=24) |
| 25 | Sadee 2022. Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IQ tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu occurrence in ten common vegetables from local markets in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (n=10) |
| 26 | Ullah et al. 2022. Health Risk Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Vegetables of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Region, Pakistan, Biological Trace Element Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn occurrence in Nine locally grown vegetable types from three peri-urban D.I. Khan sectors: sectors X and Y irrigated with untreated… |
| 27 | Orywal et al. 2021. Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale, PLoS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU tHg, Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 80 samples of dried wild-grown mushrooms (40 Boletus edulis, 40 Xerocomus badius) purchased from 5 European supermarket chains… (n=80) |
| 28 | Wang et al. 2021. Mercury accumulation in vegetable Houttuynia cordata Thunb. from two different geological areas in southwest China and implications for human consumption, Scientific Reports 11:1470 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN tHg, MeHg occurrence in Edible Houttuynia cordata tissues collected from a mercury mining area and a non-mining comparison area in southwest China. (n=Houttuynia cordata plants and rhizosphere soils from Danzhai mercury-mining and Zhijin non-mining areas in Guizhou, China; tissue-level n varies by site/tissue table.) |
| 29 | Grochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020. Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato products, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Fresh and processed tomato products purchased in Polish retail and local markets; variety includes conventional, organic, multiple varieties,… (n=25) |
| 30 | Heshmati et al. 2020. Concentration and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements, Lead and Cadmium, in Vegetables and Cereals Consumed in Western Iran, Journal of Food Protection 83(1):101-107 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IR/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Four hundred composite food samples — 50 each of eight commodities (potato Solanum tuberosum, onion Allium cepa, tomato… (n=400) |
| 31 | Jiang et al. 2020. Compound health risk assessment of cumulative heavy metal exposure: A case study of a village near a battery factory in Henan Province, China, Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN tHg, tAs, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn occurrence in Locally produced wheat, corn, and vegetables collected in SZD village near a battery factory in Xinxiang, Henan Province,… |
| 32 | Wang et al. 2020. Contamination and health risk assessment of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum from a total diet study of Jilin Province, China, Food Science & Nutrition | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, tAs, Cd, Al occurrence in Jilin Province total-diet-study composites across 12 food groups and 48 product groups, with consumption inputs for 7700 residents… |
| 33 | Abdullahi 2019. Analysis and Evaluation of the Effect of Heavy Metals in Fruits and Vegetables, International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Ni, Pb occurrence in Orange, pineapple, waterleaf, and pumpkin leaf samples from a local market in Nigeria |
| 34 | Hussain et al. 2019. Arsenic and Heavy Metal (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Nickel) Contamination in Plant-Based Foods, Plant and Human Health, Volume 2 | 2019 | Book chapter | GLOBAL tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni occurrence in Review chapter compiling published occurrence ranges for arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel in plant-based foods including cereal… |
| 35 | Souri et al. 2019. Plant growth stage influences heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables of garden cress and sweet basil, Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb, Ni, tAs, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Garden cress and sweet basil from five wastewater-irrigated farms in Shahre Rey, south of Tehran, Iran; field samples… (n=5) |
| 36 | Wang et al. 2019. Dietary Lead Exposure and Associated Health Risks in Guangzhou, China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb occurrence in Food safety risk monitoring samples from Guangzhou, China, collected during 2014-2017 across 27 food categories; consumption inputs came… (n=6339) |
| 37 | Ametepey et al. 2018. Determination of heavy metals in selected vegetables from markets in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, International Journal of Food Contamination | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | GH Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu concentrations (n=75) |
| 38 | Islam et al. 2018. Assessment of heavy metals in foods around the industrial areas: Health hazard inference in Bangladesh, Geocarto International | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Seventy-five composite samples of rice, sponge gourd, bitter gourd, papaya, okra, bean, brinjal, and chili collected by hand… (n=75) |
| 39 | Karatasli 2018. Radionuclide and Heavy Metal Content in the Table Olive (Olea europaea L.) from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn occurrence in 26 table olive samples collected from 26 distinct districts across Adana, Osmaniye, and Hatay provinces in the Mediterranean… (n=26) |
| 40 | Talib 2018. Determination of lead and cadmium in carrots and cabbage available in local markets, Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in Carrot and cabbage samples from local markets, including Iraqi and Iranian-origin products |
| 41 | Ahmed et al. 2017. Arsenic Contamination of Water-Soil-Crop System in an Industrial Area of Bangladesh, International Journal of Environment | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | BD tAs occurrence in Vegetables grown in a Gazipur industrial-area water-soil-crop system in Bangladesh (n=27) |
| 42 | Jitender et al. 2017. Heavy Metals in Soil and Vegetables and their Effect on Health, International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni occurrence in Vegetables grown on domestic-wastewater-irrigated farmland around Hisar district, Haryana, India |
| 43 | AMMM et al. 2016. Environmental surveillance of commonly-grown vegetables for investigating potential lead and chromium contamination intensification in Bangladesh, SpringerPlus | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Commonly grown vegetables collected across all 64 districts of Bangladesh: white potato, green cabbage, red spinach, white radish,… (n=292) |
| 44 | X-D et al. 2016. Levels and potential health risk of heavy metals in marketed vegetables in Zhejiang, China, Scientific Reports | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb occurrence in Five thousand seven hundred eighty-five vegetable samples of 28 species collected from Zhejiang province, China, from March to… (n=5785) |
| 45 | Sharma et al. 2016. Heavy metals in vegetables: screening health risks involved in cultivation along wastewater drain and irrigating with wastewater, SpringerPlus | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe occurrence in Edible portions of 12 common vegetable types from three Amritsar, Punjab agricultural sites, collected in triplicate per vegetable/site. (n=108) |
| 46 | Islam et al. 2015. The concentration, source and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Commonly consumed meat, egg, fish, milk, vegetable, cereal, and fruit foods collected from agriculture fields, farms, river, and… |
| 47 | Jaishree et al. 2015. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with industrial effluent, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn occurrence in Vegetables and wheat grown under industrial-effluent irrigation conditions in India |
| 48 | Mohod 2015. A review on the concentration of the heavy metals in vegetable samples like spinach and tomato grown near the area of Amba Nalla of Amravati City, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in spinach leaf and tomato grown near Amba Nalla, Amravati City, India (n=not reported in abstract) |
| 49 | Zemanova et al. 2015. Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach, Plant, Soil and Environment | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | CZ Cd occurrence in Spinach cv. Matador grown in a controlled pot experiment in Prague with four Cd soil-dose treatments and four… (n=96) |
| 50 | Cherfi et al. 2014. Food survey: Levels and potential health risks of chromium, lead, zinc and copper content in fruits and vegetables consumed in Algeria, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | DZ Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu occurrence in Two fruit and thirteen vegetable foodstuffs purchased from two wholesale markets supplying Boumerdes, Algeria, during the first two… (n=15) |
| 51 | Huang et al. 2014. Heavy metals in vegetables and the health risk to population in Zhejiang, China, Food Control | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Three hundred forty-three vegetable samples of 11 usual types collected in Zhejiang, China, from March to October 2012. (n=343) |
| 52 | Mirończuk-Chodakowska et al. 2013. Cadmium and Lead in Wild Edible Mushrooms from the Eastern Region of Poland’s ‘Green Lungs’, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in 21 mushroom species (18 wild, 3 cultivated), 3 specimens each; wild species sampled from 6 communal areas in… (n=63) |
| 53 | Acar 2012. Evaluation of cadmium, lead, copper, iron and zinc in Turkish dietary vegetable oils and olives using electrothermal and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Grasas y Aceites | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in 53 vegetable oil samples (8 soybean, 12 sunflower, 8 flower-seed, 8 nut, 8 corn, 9 olive) and 70… (n=123) |
| 54 | Elbagermi et al. 2012. Monitoring of Heavy Metal Content in Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Production and Market Sites in the Misurata Area of Libya, ISRN Analytical Chemistry | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni occurrence in Fruit and vegetable produce purchased from several local suppliers and markets in Misurata City, Libya, during 2010. (n=250) |
| 55 | Gergen et al. 2012. Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areas, Chemistry Central Journal6:156 | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | RO Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb occurrence in Three Banat areas: Ruschita,MoldovaNoua and Borlova reference;27soil composites from10grabs each;27vegetable/tissue-region summaries reused from Harmanescu2011. |
| 56 | Loutfy et al. 2012. Analysis and exposure assessment of some heavy metals in foodstuffs from Ismailia city, Egypt, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EG Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu occurrence in About 350 locally produced individual food samples purchased in 2007 from four local markets around Ismailia city, Egypt,… (n=117) |
| 57 | Uneyama et al. 2007. Arsenic in various foods: Cumulative data, Food Additives & Contaminants | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | JP/US/GB tAs, iAs occurrence in Cumulative review of arsenic measurements in food from PubMed, Japanese local-authority research databases, and national food-safety surveillance reports;… |
| 58 | Reczajska et al. 2005. Determination of Chromium Content of Food and Beverages of Plant Origin, Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences | 2005 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cr occurrence in Fresh fruits, vegetables, and wheat grains collected in 2001 from commercial plantations in three Polish provinces (Mazowieckie, Lubelskie,… (n=272) |
| 59 | Zhou et al. 2000. Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Control in China, Food Reviews International | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Secondary review of previously published Chinese city surveys of vegetables and some grains. Tables 2-11 reproduce values from… |
| 60 | Dabeka et al. 1995. Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988, Journal of AOAC International | 1995 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Ni, Co occurrence in Five Canadian total-diet composite groups, each with 113 composites and 39 composite subsets, prepared from foods purchased in… (n=760) |
Update history
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