Hasan et al. 2022 - Heavy metals in raw and pasteurized cow milk in Bangladesh

This Bangladesh survey measured eight metals in raw cow milk and liquid pasteurized cow milk collected from all 64 administrative areas of the country. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry found low Pb means in both milk types, higher Cr and total As than Pb and Cd, and similar Pb means in raw and pasteurized milk. The paper is routeable occurrence evidence for cow-milk and dairy matrices, with the important caveat that arsenic is reported as total arsenic and chromium is total chromium, not Cr(VI).

Key numbers

All concentrations are reported by the source in ppm, equivalent to mg/kg, for liquid milk.

Other raw-milk mean concentrations were Fe 0.520 mg/kg, Cu 0.742 mg/kg, Mn 0.112 mg/kg, and Zn 0.151 mg/kg. Other pasteurized-milk means were Fe 0.512 mg/kg, Cu 0.807 mg/kg, Mn 0.102 mg/kg, and Zn 0.148 mg/kg.

Method detection limits: Cr and Zn 0.005 mg/kg; Mn and Pb 0.002 mg/kg; Cd, Fe, and Cu 0.001 mg/kg. The source does not list an As detection limit in the extracted method text.

Exposure context reported by the authors: daily food consumption rates used in the EDI model were 27.31 g/day milk for adults and 25.53 g/day for children; body weights were 60 kg adult and 27 kg child. The paper states that all THQ values were below 1 for both raw and pasteurized milk, while target carcinogenic-risk calculations for As and Pb indicated greater concern for child milk consumers.

Methods (brief)

Samples were collected in sterile glass bottles, cooled below 4 C, transported to the laboratory, stored at 4 C, and analyzed within 24 hours. Digestion used microwave digestion with 5 mL 65% nitric acid and 2 mL 30% hydrogen peroxide. Metals were measured by Thermo Scientific iCE 3000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The method reports total element concentrations: total arsenic, total chromium, total lead, and total cadmium.

Implications

Certification: This source contributes Bangladesh-market cow-milk occurrence values for Pb, Cd, total Cr, and total As. It should not be pooled into US-market dairy benchmarks without a market-stratification rationale.

Courses: Useful example of why total chromium and total arsenic in dairy require speciation discipline. The paper reports Cr and As totals only.

App: Supports a country-specific dairy context note for Bangladesh cow milk; Pb and Cd were lower than Cr and tAs in both raw and pasteurized samples.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• milk-and-dairy
• whole-milk
• milk-and-dairy
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• arsenic-total

Verification notes

• The filename labels this as ing-human-milk-cd, but the PDF is about cow raw milk and liquid pasteurized cow milk, not human milk. Routing follows the PDF content.
• The DOI, authors, title, publication, and year are printed in the PDF.
• Arsenic is routed as tAs; no inorganic arsenic speciation is reported. Chromium is routed as total Cr, not Cr-VI.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.