Shaikh et al. 2026 - metals in sunflower seeds from Sindh ecological zones
Shaikh and coauthors measured Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe in 36 composite sunflower seed samples from different ecological zones of Sindh, Pakistan. The source is directly routeable to sunflower seeds and provides dry-weight concentration ranges. The paper also identifies Tando Jam and Kotri as comparatively higher zones due to anthropogenic influence.
Key numbers
- n=36 composite sunflower seed samples from Sindh ecological zones.
- Dry-weight mean concentration ranges were Cd 0.006-0.014 mg/kg, Pb 0.038-0.063 mg/kg, Cr 0.11-0.19 mg/kg, Cu 2.44-3.74 mg/kg, Zn 14.32-20.15 mg/kg, and Fe 36.1-47.3 mg/kg.
- All metal concentrations remained within FAO/WHO permissible limits according to the authors.
- Tando Jam and Kotri samples had comparatively higher levels attributed to anthropogenic influence.
Methods (brief)
Samples were wet-acid digested and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results are reported on a dry-weight basis.
Implications
Certification: Pakistan/Sindh sunflower-seed occurrence evidence for Cd, Pb, and Cr. Courses: useful ecological-zone comparison. App: supports jurisdiction and region-specific sunflower-seed context.
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Verification notes
Values and methods were transcribed from the PDF abstract. The title is taken from the content of the abstract and DOI-bearing PDF page; confirm final article title if the journal metadata differs.
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