Orosun et al. 2023 - potentially toxic metals in Nigerian vegetables
Orosun and coauthors measured As, Cd, Cr, and Pb in irrigation water, soil, spinach, and cabbage and modeled health risks. The paper is routeable to spinach because it reports vegetable concentrations and explicitly states spinach had higher toxic-metal concentrations than cabbage. This is field/context evidence tied to contaminated irrigation and soil.
Key numbers
- Mean soil concentrations were Cr 81.77, Pb 19.91, As 13.23, and Cd 3.25 mg/kg.
- Mean irrigation-water concentrations were Cr 1.87, Pb 1.65, As 0.85, and Cd 0.20 mg/L.
- Vegetable concentrations for cabbage and spinach respectively were Cr 5.37 and 5.88 mg/kg, Pb 3.57 and 4.33 mg/kg, As 1.09 and 1.67 mg/kg, and Cd 0.48 and 1.04 mg/kg.
- The abstract states that concentrations were higher in spinach than cabbage.
Methods (brief)
The study used ICP-OES for PTM measurement and Monte Carlo models for health-risk analysis. Matrices include water, soil, spinach, and cabbage.
Implications
Certification: Nigerian contaminated-irrigation context for spinach; values are not general-market baselines. Courses: example of exposure modeling layered onto occurrence data. App: supports regional/sourcing caution for leafy greens.
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Verification notes
The numerical values are from the PDF abstract. The source reports total arsenic/elemental As, not inorganic arsenic speciation.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.