Safwan et al. 2023 - metals in instant soup and chicken stock powders

Safwan and Amayreh measured manganese, chromium, cadmium, and lead in ten instant soup, chicken stock, and instant noodle powder products from the Jordanian market. The study is direct finished-food occurrence evidence for dry soup/stock products and seasoning-rich instant noodle powders, analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing and nitric-acid dissolution. Lead was detected in four chicken-stock products, cadmium was detected in seven products, and all reported health-risk-index values for Cd and Pb were below 1 under the authors’ consumption assumptions.

Key numbers

Table 2 reports concentrations in mg/kg. ND is source-reported non-detect.

The authors summarize the observed ranges as Mn 0.0407-1.08 mg/kg, Cr 0.0211-0.592 mg/kg, Cd 0.0134-0.0923 mg/kg, and Pb 0.227-0.645 mg/kg. Across all products, reported mean concentrations were Mn 0.364 mg/kg, Cr 0.2889 mg/kg, Pb 0.144 mg/kg, and Cd 0.034 mg/kg. Table 3 reports Cd health-risk-index values from 0.0041 to 0.038 for the first three rows shown in the PDF text extraction and Pb HRI values of 0.057 to 0.161 for the same rows; the authors state all Cd and Pb HRI values were within accepted limits.

Methods (brief)

The study purchased ten powder products from local markets in Jordan in 2020. Five grams of each sample were preheated at 70-80 degrees C for 24 hours, ground, dry-ashed in a muffle furnace at 450-550 degrees C for 4 hours, dissolved in 2% nitric acid, filtered, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry using a TRACE AI1200 instrument. The reported LOD range was 0.001-0.003 mg/kg for the analyzed elements. The paper reports total elemental Cr and Pb/Cd concentrations; it does not speciate chromium.

Implications

Certification: This source contributes finished dry soup/stock powder occurrence evidence for Pb and Cd and context for total Cr and Mn in the Jordan market. It should not be used as chromium(VI) evidence.

Courses: Useful as an example of a seasoning-rich processed dry product where the product label does not report metals and the dry powder basis must be preserved.

App: Adds non-US market context for instant soup, chicken stock, and instant noodle powders. Brand names are source identifiers only and should not be surfaced as brand rankings.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• spices
• chicken-noodle-soup
• tomato-soup
• herbs-and-spices
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• manganese

Verification notes

• The fetched filename classified the source as a spices cadmium gap; the PDF’s actual matrices are instant soup, chicken stock, mushroom soup, and instant noodle powders.
• The title page gives DOI 10.18697/ajfand.120.23125, journal volume 23 issue 5, and pages 23357-23369.
• The paper uses branded product names in Table 2; this page preserves them only to identify source rows and does not convert them into consumer-facing rankings.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.