Skip to content

Naser et al. 2018 - metals in spinach and other leafy vegetables in Bangladesh

Naser and coauthors measured Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, and Cr in spinach, red amaranth, and amaranth grown in industrial and non-industrial areas of Gazipur, Bangladesh. The source is routeable to spinach because leaf and whole-plant tables report explicit dry-weight concentrations by pollution level. Industrial-area findings should be kept jurisdiction- and site-contextual.

Key numbers

  • Spinach leaves in high-pollution areas: Pb 5.97 +/- 0.30, Cd 1.02 +/- 0.15, Ni 31.9 +/- 3.38, Co 1.63 +/- 0.24, and Cr 5.70 +/- 0.36 ug/g dry weight.
  • Spinach leaves in medium-pollution areas: Pb 3.61 +/- 0.18, Cd 0.52 +/- 0.03, Ni 24.6 +/- 2.23, Co 1.41 +/- 0.17, and Cr 5.62 +/- 0.23 ug/g dry weight.
  • Spinach leaves in low-pollution areas: Pb 1.16 +/- 0.16, Cd 0.43 +/- 0.07, Ni 5.48 +/- 0.47, Co 0.47 +/- 0.09, and Cr 2.69 +/- 0.24 ug/g dry weight.
  • Whole-plant spinach values were Pb 5.07 +/- 0.79, Cd 1.14 +/- 0.31, Ni 33.2 +/- 11.2, Co 1.60 +/- 0.27, and Cr 6.09 +/- 0.85 ug/g dry weight in high-pollution areas.

Methods (brief)

Plant parts and corresponding soils were collected from two industrial areas and one non-industrial area. Heavy metals were reported on a dry-weight basis for roots, stems, leaves, whole plant, and soils.

Implications

Certification: site-specific Bangladesh spinach evidence for Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, and Cr. Courses: strong example of plant-part and pollution-gradient separation. App: supports high-risk industrial-area sourcing context, not a general-market spinach value.

Wiki pages this source may touch

Verification notes

Values were transcribed from Tables 3 and 4 in the PDF text extraction. Units are ug/g dry weight; conversion to ppb dry weight requires multiplying by 1000 and must be logged if used downstream.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

CommitDateDescription
9658f6b2026-05-30codex sprint 2026-05-30 1055: post-ingest generated checks
f5efca82026-05-30ingest auto-fetched 2026-05-30 1010 batch 2: 7 source pages