Overview
Bodur et al. developed a spray-assisted preconcentration method coupled to HPLC, continuous-flow hydride generation, and FAAS for inorganic arsenic speciation in olive oil. The real-sample portion tested two Istanbul-market olive oil samples and reported no detectable arsenite or arsenate in either sample. The paper is therefore useful as method-validation and censored olive-oil evidence: it supports non-detect status under the stated method, not a measured concentration distribution.
Key numbers
Real-sample result
Section 3.4 states that two olive oil samples were extracted by the developed VA-RP-SFDF-LPME method and analyzed by HPLC-CFHG-FAAS for arsenite. The same samples were then subjected to the prereduction procedure and analyzed for total inorganic arsenic. The source reports that there were no detectable arsenite and arsenate for each oil sample, and Section 3.3 states that arsenic and total inorganic arsenic were not detected in the samples before spiking.
The source does not provide a sample-result table with numeric values. The result should be treated as censored evidence rather than a zero concentration.
Analytical figures of merit
Under optimized conditions, the source reports the following method performance for arsenite:
| Parameter | Source-reported value |
|---|---|
| LOD | 2.86 ug/kg as As |
| LOQ | 9.52 ug/kg as As |
| Dynamic range | 10.0-68.93 ug/kg as As |
| Determination coefficient | 0.9937 |
| RSD at lowest calibration concentration | 6.0% |
| Retention time for arsenite | 1.2 min |
The paper cites an edible-oil arsenic maximum content comparator of 100 ug/kg.
Recovery experiments
Table 3 reports recovery in spiked olive oil samples:
| Sample | Analyte | Spiked concentration (ug/kg as As) | Recovery (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample A | Arsenite | 10.00 | 120.4 +/- 9.4 |
| Sample A | Arsenite | 20.96 | 94.0 +/- 3.9 |
| Sample A | Arsenite | 39.03 | 105.4 +/- 1.6 |
| Sample A | Arsenite | 51.50 | 105.0 +/- 3.2 |
| Sample A | Arsenite | 68.93 | 98.5 +/- 3.9 |
| Sample B | Arsenite | 10.03 | 97.2 +/- 10.3 |
| Sample B | Arsenite | 21.12 | 91.5 +/- 12.4 |
| Sample B | Arsenite | 39.16 | 92.8 +/- 2.5 |
| Sample B | Arsenite | 51.84 | 102.1 +/- 3.2 |
| Sample B | Arsenite | 67.52 | 99.2 +/- 4.9 |
| Sample A | Total inorganic arsenic | 20.79 | 95.7 +/- 8.3 |
| Sample A | Total inorganic arsenic | 41.90 | 93.6 +/- 1.8 |
| Sample A | Total inorganic arsenic | 76.81 | 102.8 +/- 2.2 |
| Sample A | Total inorganic arsenic | 101.98 | 95.5 +/- 2.1 |
| Sample B | Total inorganic arsenic | 20.84 | 90.0 +/- 8.9 |
| Sample B | Total inorganic arsenic | 42.22 | 96.6 +/- 11.8 |
| Sample B | Total inorganic arsenic | 77.07 | 104.4 +/- 2.1 |
| Sample B | Total inorganic arsenic | 102.65 | 97.9 +/- 9.1 |
Methods (brief)
The method used vortex-assisted reverse-phase spray-based fine-droplet-formation liquid-phase microextraction. Seven milliliters of olive oil were placed in a centrifuge tube, ultrapure water was sprayed into the oil twice, the sample was vortexed for 45 s, and the tube was centrifuged for 3 min at 25,000 g to separate phases. The extracted aqueous phase was analyzed by HPLC-CFHG-FAAS for arsenite. For total inorganic arsenic, a prereduction procedure used 0.39% L-cysteine in 0.010 mol/L HCl with heating at 90 +/- 5 C for 10 min to reduce arsenate to arsenite before measurement.
The method is designed for matrices containing inorganic arsenic species. The authors state that if organic arsenic species are present, the chromatographic system would need improvement to speciate those compounds separately.
Implications
Certification: This source provides non-detect evidence for inorganic arsenic in two Istanbul-market olive oil samples under a method with arsenite LOD 2.86 ug/kg and LOQ 9.52 ug/kg. It should be admitted as censored evidence only if the benchmark pool accepts Turkiye-market olive oil and the method basis is compatible.
Courses: Useful for teaching speciation-aware oil analysis and why total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, arsenite, and arsenate cannot be collapsed into a single unspecific arsenic field.
App: Adds olive-oil non-detect context for inorganic arsenic. The sample count is small and should not be presented as a broad market claim.
Microbiome: Not addressed.
Related evidence
- Arsenic, Inorganic
- Olive Oil
- Olive oil
- Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
Update history
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