Samsiyah et al. 2019 - lead in salt from Pamekasan, Indonesia
Samsiyah and coauthors measured lead in salt from Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia and evaluated possible contamination sources during pre-production, production, and post-production. The abstract reports that the observed Pb values were below Indonesian salt standards. The source is direct salt occurrence evidence.
Key numbers
The abstract reports Pb in salt below the SNI 3556-2010 and SNI 7387-2009 maximum of 10 ppm. The lowest Pb concentration was 0.066 ppm and the highest was 0.162 ppm.
The discussion also notes that earlier salt near a landfill had an average Pb level of 12.2 mg/kg compared with a 10 mg/kg standard, but that is cited background from another setting and is not the Pamekasan result.
Methods (brief)
Descriptive study of 28 salt samples drawn from salt-storage warehouses in 28 named villages across five subdistricts of Pamekasan Regency (Tlanakan, Galis, Pademawu, Pasean, and Batumarmar). Salt sampling followed SNI 19-0428 (1998) for solid-sample collection: a sampling spear was used to take salt into coded plastic zip bags. Lead was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan (BBLK), Surabaya. Measured values were compared against SNI 3556-2010 (iodized salt) and SNI 7387-2009 (maximum heavy-metal contamination in food), both of which set a maximum Pb of 10 ppm. Production-stage context (pre-production, production, and post-production sources of potential contamination) was collected via observation and structured interviews with the head salt-farmer in each subdistrict.
Implications
Certification: Useful as Indonesia-specific salt Pb occurrence evidence. It should not be pooled with US-market salt without jurisdictional separation.
Courses: Useful for production-stage source-apportionment discussion: seawater, production soil, open-air processing, transport, and storage.
App: Can support country-specific salt context after synthesis.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
The source is in Indonesian with an English abstract. Methods, sample count (n=28), and per-village values were verified against the Indonesian full text (journal pp. 45 and 47, Figure 1) during the 2026-06-09 audit. Figure 1 labels its Y-axis “Kadar Pb (mg/l)”, which is an internal labelling inconsistency in the source — the abstract, conclusion, and section 3.6 all report the same values in ppm (mg/kg, appropriate for a solid). This page follows the source’s text and reports in ppm.
Page history
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| Commit | Date | Description |
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| ae6c129 | 2026-07-01 | feat(auth): large login + role-based signup screens (design, burgundy) |