Overview
Hisam and colleagues tested water spinach as a phytoremediation system for cadmium, copper, and zinc in wastewater. This is in-scope lane a2 mitigation evidence and not spinach food-occurrence evidence.
Key numbers
The experiment exposed plants to 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm treatment waters for cadmium (Cd), Cu, and Zn over 20 days.
For cadmium, Figure 6 and the discussion report plant accumulation increasing from 0.327 mg/kg on day 0 to 13.986 mg/kg on day 20 in the 15 ppm treatment. Water cadmium in the 15 ppm container decreased from 15.810 mg/L on day 0 to 12.597 mg/L on day 20; in the 10 ppm container it decreased from 10.949 mg/L to 8.558 mg/L; and in the 5 ppm treatment it decreased from 5.624 mg/L to 2.478 mg/L.
The paper reports Cu accumulation reaching 11.8 mg/kg in the 15 ppm treatment and 7.63 mg/kg at the end of the 10 ppm treatment. Zn accumulation reached 12.395 mg/kg in the 15 ppm treatment.
Methods (brief)
The authors ran a 20-day container experiment using Ipomoea aquatica exposed to prepared heavy-metal solutions. Plant and water concentrations were measured by ICP-OES, and wet and dry biomass changes were tracked across treatment levels.
Related evidence
Update history
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