Hamad and Ibrahim 2024 - Pomegranate and chitosan composites for Cd/Cu adsorption

Hamad and Ibrahim fabricated two bio-based adsorbent composites, CS@Fe-PA and MgO@Pp, and tested their removal of cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions. This is mitigation and wastewater-remediation evidence with extractable adsorption efficiencies and capacities; it is not consumer-product occurrence evidence.

Key numbers

The abstract reports optimum test conditions of pH 5 for Cu(II), pH 6 for Cd(II), 120 min contact time, 0.2 g adsorbent dosage, and 50 mg/L initial concentration for each metal in the main optimization study.

At those conditions, MgO@Pp had higher headline removal and capacity than CS@Fe-PA:

Dose-response results showed CS@Fe-PA removal increasing from 73.4% to 96.06% for Cu(II) and from 58.4% to 89.6% for Cd(II) as dosage increased from 0.2 to 1.2 g/L. MgO@Pp increased from 77.6% to 98.8% for Cu(II) and from 69.4% to 97.07% for Cd(II) over the same dosage range.

Contact-time optimization reached near-equilibrium at 120 min. The paper reports 15 min removals of 78.04%, 55.4%, 66.8%, and 50.3% for Cu(II) and Cd(II) in the MgO@Pp and CS@Fe-PA composites, respectively, increasing at 120 min to 98.2%, 97.5%, 96.7%, and 90.09%.

For initial concentrations from 30 to 100 ppm, MgO@Pp removal decreased from 98.02% to 81.2% for Cu(II) and from 96.4% to 68.2% for Cd(II). CS@Fe-PA removal decreased from 97.2% to 73.4% for Cu(II) and from 89.7% to 32.08% for Cd(II).

Kinetic fitting favored pseudo-second-order behavior for most fits. Table 1 reports pseudo-second-order calculated qe values of 45.4 and 47.6 mg/g for Cu(II) and Cd(II) in CS@Fe-PA, and 47.6 and 50 mg/g for Cu(II) and Cd(II) in MgO@Pp.

Methods (brief)

The authors synthesized MgO nanoparticles using mulberry-leaf extract and pomegranate peel, and prepared a chitosan/Fe(III)/Padina pavonica composite. Batch tests used 100 mL metal solutions in 250 mL flasks, Cu(II) and Cd(II) concentrations of 30-100 ppm, adsorbent dosages from 0.2 to 1.2 g, 210 rpm agitation, 25 degrees C, and 120 min contact time unless the tested variable was contact time.

Metal removal was calculated from initial and final solution concentrations, and equilibrium adsorption capacity was calculated from initial concentration, equilibrium concentration, solution volume, and adsorbent mass. Characterization included FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRD, TGA, and XPS. The source reports dissolved Cu(II) and Cd(II), not food, textile, fabric, or finished-product concentrations.

Implications

Certification: Exclude from occurrence and HMTc benchmark pools. The numerical values are spiked-solution remediation performance metrics, not product contamination levels.

Courses: Useful for teaching how to separate remediation capacity, removal efficiency, pH/contact-time dependence, and sorbent reuse from consumer-product occurrence evidence.

App: No direct ingredient or product-risk signal; retain as mitigation-method context.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• remediation-evidence
• cadmium
• copper
• index

Verification notes

This page was built from the PDF text, including the abstract, material/methods, batch adsorption setup, dose-response results, contact-time results, initial-concentration results, kinetic-fit discussion, and Table 1 kinetic parameters. Products and ingredients are intentionally empty because the study uses synthetic aqueous metal solutions and adsorbent composites. The auto-fetch filename’s “fabric-contact-products” label is not supported by the paper content.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.