Aljubiri et al. 2024 - Sewage-sludge activated carbon for cadmium and lead removal
Aljubiri and colleagues synthesized two sewage-sludge-based activated carbons, SBAC1 and SBAC2, and tested them as low-cost adsorbents for Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions. The paper is remediation evidence for wastewater and supply-chain treatment contexts. It does not measure finished consumer products, fabrics, or fabric protectants.
Key numbers
The abstract reports BET surface areas of 336.339 m2/g for SBAC1 and 498.386 m2/g for SBAC2. The average pore size was reported as 10-100 nm for SBAC1 and 45-50 nm for SBAC2.
The abstract states that SBAC1 and SBAC2 removed approximately 99.99% of Cd2+ and Pb2+ under the tested conditions, and that adsorption kinetics agreed with a pseudo-second-order equation with R2 = 1.00.
In the dosage experiment, increasing SBAC1 mass from 1 ppm to 10 ppm increased adsorption from 52% to 99.997% for Cd2+ and from 89.233% to 99.977% for Pb2+. Increasing SBAC2 dosage increased adsorption from 51.8% to 96.370% and from 96.370% to 99.997% for the same ion series.
At 30 ppm initial metal concentration, the extracted results text reports SBAC1 efficiencies of 99.99% for Cd2+ and 99.97% for Pb2+, while SBAC2 reached 99.99% for both Cd2+ and Pb2+.
The authors report that Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption equilibrium data were linked to Langmuir and Freundlich equations for SBAC1 and SBAC2, respectively, under the experimental conditions. XRF confirmed adsorbed metal ions on the activated carbons after treatment.
Methods (brief)
The study prepared activated carbon from sewage sludge and characterized raw sludge, SBAC1, and SBAC2 using CHNS, BET, FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM, TEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and zeta potential. Adsorption experiments evaluated adsorbent dosage, metal concentration, pH, contact time, kinetic models, equilibrium isotherms, and regeneration across five reuse cycles. The paper reports Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal from aqueous/wastewater matrices, not cadmium or lead occurrence in consumer products.
Implications
Certification: Exclude the percent-removal and adsorption-model values from occurrence and HMTc benchmark pools. They are treatment-performance endpoints for aqueous remediation.
Courses: Useful for remediation and supplier-control lessons because it gives treatment efficiency, surface-area characterization, kinetics, pH/contact-time context, and reusability for a waste-derived adsorbent.
App: No direct product-risk distribution. The source can support context that upstream wastewater treatment technologies may reduce Cd/Pb release or recycle contaminated sludge into adsorbent materials.
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Verification notes
This page was built from the PDF title page, abstract, characterization sections, adsorption-study results, and methods descriptions. The auto-fetch filename’s “fabric-protectants” label is not supported by the source. Products and ingredients are intentionally empty because the data are wastewater-remediation endpoints.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 4039d20 | 2026-06-10 | scope: broaden ingest to the full upstream+downstream literature (marine, atmospheric, attribution, exposure, toxicology) — inclusion is the default |