Price et al. 2023 — Biokinetic Modeling of Lead Exposure from Baby Food, US
This 2023 US study applies the IEUBK (Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic) model to estimate blood lead levels in US infants and young children consuming baby food with measured Pb concentrations. It is a modeled exposure assessment, not a primary food concentration study.
Key numbers
Modeled Pb exposure from multiple sources (diet, dust, soil, water) for US infant age groups 0–7 years. The study incorporates Pb concentration data from FDA compliance sampling and other surveys into the IEUBK model.
Key outputs: predicted blood Pb distributions for each age group. Specific concentration values and model outputs are in the full paper (not fully extractable from the Marker excerpt at this time).
The study period context: post-2022 FDA Closer to Zero guidance era. The paper contributes to the evidence base for FDA CTZ Pb action levels in baby food.
Methods
IEUBK biokinetic model. Pb concentrations from FDA Toxic Elements in Baby Food compliance data and literature. Not a primary food concentration study; classified B for concentration data but A for evidence tier as peer-reviewed science informing regulatory risk assessment.
Implications
Certification: Biokinetic modeling approach used by FDA; relevant for understanding how product Pb concentrations translate to blood Pb in infants.