Rice finding 522

Source evidence and comparison details for the Rice profile.

Altunay et al. 2023

Brown rice · Cadmium (Cd) · Sample count unreported.

Selected finding and reference

650 µg/kg (mean ± 20 SD)Mean.

Sample count unreported. Basis: dry weight (samples dried before grinding; table does not state basis).

detected; no non-detects among food samples

HMI baseline position

Limited data: Held: 650 µg/kg Cd exceeds the Codex polished-rice ML of 400 µg/kg and the EU 150 µg/kg ML, yet the paper states all food results are within WHO limits and pose no risk; the reported values are also high relative to typical market rice Cd and the method was validated only on tea leaves, peach leaves and water CRMs (no rice/cereal CRM). A unit or dilution-factor error cannot be excluded. Missing evidence never means low contamination.

Held: 650 µg/kg Cd exceeds the Codex polished-rice ML of 400 µg/kg and the EU 150 µg/kg ML, yet the paper states all food results are within WHO limits and pose no risk; the reported values are also high relative to typical market rice Cd and the method was validated only on tea leaves, peach leaves and water CRMs (no rice/cereal CRM). A unit or dilution-factor error cannot be excluded.

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

No admitted reference

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

Collection period

Collection date unreported

No year-by-year sample register is reconstructed from this summary.

Geographic scope

Brown rice

Rice variety or type within one study.

Sampling, analysis and reporting limits

Microwave digestion (HNO3/H2O2), polyvinyl benzyl xanthate vortex-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction, flame AAS.

detected; no non-detects among food samples

Held: 650 µg/kg Cd exceeds the Codex polished-rice ML of 400 µg/kg and the EU 150 µg/kg ML, yet the paper states all food results are within WHO limits and pose no risk; the reported values are also high relative to typical market rice Cd and the method was validated only on tea leaves, peach leaves and water CRMs (no rice/cereal CRM). A unit or dilution-factor error cannot be excluded.

Shared samples and study overlap

Subgroup rows, statistics of the same subgroup and the study total share samples; they are not independent results.

Each table row describes a food/analyte result. Repeated rows do not add independent samples or datasets. No cross-study trend is calculated in this comparison mode.

Reported values, conversion and source locator
Source statisticOriginal resultDisplayed unit conversion
mean0.65 ± 0.02 (RSD 3.7%)µg/g x 1000

Original SD: 0.02 µg/g.

Table 6, row 'Brown rice', p.12.

No moisture, cooking-yield or species conversion is applied to the original finding above. Any basis conversion used for its HMI comparison is stated separately with the numerical target.

Open the primary publication · HMI source record