Rice finding 2712
Source evidence and comparison details for the Rice profile.
Paddy and polished rice (pooled) · Total tin (Sn) · Sample count unreported.
Selected finding and reference
Sample count unreported. Basis: unspecified.
no non-detects reported for this cell; source does not describe non-detect handling
HMI baseline position
Limited data · HMI uncooked-grain Sn reference · 1 sampling family. Mean as reported: 30 µg/kg. HMI median 10–40 (bounded); Q1 ≤20; Q3 20–60 (bounded) µg/kg. 1 family. Too few reference units.
Only 2 reference unit is available; at least four are required by this descriptive display rule.
This is an external comparison; the finding does not set the reference.
Sensitivity to weighting
Equal subgroup weight within each family: Limited data. The position remains unresolved under this alternative. This check does not address all sampling, rounding or analytical uncertainty.
Collection period
2019
No year-by-year sample register is reconstructed from this summary.
Geographic scope
Rice
All samples in the study.
Sampling, analysis and reporting limits
Grinding to flour, microwave-assisted HNO3 digestion (CEM MARS6), HR-ICP-MS (Thermo ELEMENT2) for Cd114, Sn118, Pb208 (medium resolution) and As75 (high resolution, total As); total Hg by CVAAS (EPA SW 846 7471B).
no non-detects reported for this cell; source does not describe non-detect handling
Shared samples and study overlap
Subgroup rows, statistics of the same subgroup and the study total share samples; they are not independent results.
Each table row describes a food/analyte result. Repeated rows do not add independent samples or datasets. No cross-study trend is calculated in this comparison mode.
Reported values, conversion and source locator
| Source statistic | Original result | Displayed unit conversion |
|---|---|---|
| mean | 0.03 | SD 0.01 | mg/kg x 1000 |
Original SD: 0.01 mg kg-1.
Table 1 row 'RICEa' (footnote a: Paddy and polished rice), p.5.
No moisture, cooking-yield or species conversion is applied to the original finding above. Any basis conversion used for its HMI comparison is stated separately with the numerical target.
Open the primary publication · HMI source record
Reference and scope
HMI uncooked-grain Sn reference · 1 sampling family. Uncooked grain as analysed (native or unstated moisture), µg/kg. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤20 | 10–40 (bounded) | 20–60 (bounded) |
| Alternative weighting | ≤20 | 10–40 (bounded) | 20–60 (bounded) |
2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 2 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians from every compatible rice sampling family in the evidence ledger for this analyte, material and basis: published subgroup medians, medians HMI calculates from printed per-sample values and WHO GEMS/Food region-by-year medians (random sampling only). Each family has equal total weight; subgroups have equal weight within a family. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Dry-weight, native-moisture and cooked results are kept in separate references; no moisture conversion is assumed.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
An evidence-library reference, not a probability sample of the world rice market. Sampling families differ in frame (retail, farm, contaminated sites, monitoring) and period; GEMS/Food regions are reporting regions, not growing origins. Many submissions are non-detects with differing limits, which widens the bounds. This is the only compatible family for this scope in the completed rice ledger; a single-family reference cannot represent other markets. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:rice-native-Sn:19e7aa8d2305
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.