Rice finding 1159
Source evidence and comparison details for the Rice profile.
Rice and rice products (EFSA category 01B4 'Rice'; rice grain form not specified) · Cadmium (Cd) · 1000 analytical results (rice category).
Selected finding and reference
1000 analytical results (rice category). Basis: as reported to EFSA (MLs referenced on wet weight); not specified per result.
EFSA assigned results below the LOD (and below LOQ where only LOQ given) a value of half the limit (middle bound) when computing descriptive statistics (Section 5.2.3, p. 25); 12 % of rice results were <LOD; LODs varied by laboratory and method and are not given per category
HMI baseline position
Limited data · HMI uncooked-grain Cd reference · 1 sampling family. Mean as reported: 25.3 µg/kg. HMI median 20; Q1 20; Q3 20 µg/kg. 1 family. Too few reference units.
Only 1 reference unit is available; at least four are required by this descriptive display rule.
This finding’s sampling family contributes to the fixed reference.
Sensitivity to weighting
Equal subgroup weight within each family: Limited data. The position remains unresolved under this alternative. This check does not address all sampling, rounding or analytical uncertainty.
Collection period
2003–2007
No year-by-year sample register is reconstructed from this summary.
Geographic scope
EU Member State monitoring
All samples in the study.
Sampling, analysis and reporting limits
mixed methods reported by laboratories (ICP-MS, GF-AAS, etc.; Figure 4 distribution); LOD per Regulation (EC) 333/2007 performance criteria.
EFSA assigned results below the LOD (and below LOQ where only LOQ given) a value of half the limit (middle bound) when computing descriptive statistics (Section 5.2.3, p. 25); 12 % of rice results were <LOD; LODs varied by laboratory and method and are not given per category
Shared samples and study overlap
Subgroup rows, statistics of the same subgroup and the study total share samples; they are not independent results.
Each table row describes a food/analyte result. Repeated rows do not add independent samples or datasets. No cross-study trend is calculated in this comparison mode.
Reported values, conversion and source locator
| Source statistic | Original result | Displayed unit conversion |
|---|---|---|
| mean | 0.0253 (0.0236) | mg/kg x 1000 |
Original SD: 0.0236 mg/kg.
Section 5.2.4, Table 5 (cereal and cereal products, mg/kg), row '01B4. Rice', EFSA Journal (2009) 980 p. 26; category definition Annex 1A (01B_4 Rice = 'Rice and rice products').
No moisture, cooking-yield or species conversion is applied to the original finding above. Any basis conversion used for its HMI comparison is stated separately with the numerical target.
Open the primary publication · HMI source record
Reference and scope
HMI uncooked-grain Cd reference · 1 sampling family. Uncooked grain as analysed (native or unstated moisture), µg/kg. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Alternative weighting | 20 | 20 | 20 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| EFSA 2009 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians from every compatible rice sampling family in the evidence ledger for this analyte, material and basis: published subgroup medians, medians HMI calculates from printed per-sample values and WHO GEMS/Food region-by-year medians (random sampling only). Each family has equal total weight; subgroups have equal weight within a family. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Dry-weight, native-moisture and cooked results are kept in separate references; no moisture conversion is assumed.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1–Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
An evidence-library reference, not a probability sample of the world rice market. Sampling families differ in frame (retail, farm, contaminated sites, monitoring) and period; GEMS/Food regions are reporting regions, not growing origins. Many submissions are non-detects with differing limits, which widens the bounds. This is the only compatible family for this scope in the completed rice ledger; a single-family reference cannot represent other markets. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:rice-native-mixed-rice-grain-and-rice-products-Cd:c3663ac4e9df
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.